Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition which comprises human proinsulin in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is useful in controlling a diabetic condition and in promoting attainment of natural hormonal homeostasis, thereby preventing or substantially diminishing or retarding diabetic complications.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition which comprises, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, human insulin, human C-peptide, and human proinsulin, said human C-peptide being present in a molar ratio, human insulin to human C-peptide, of from about 1:4 to about 4:1, and said human proinsulin being present in a weight ratio, human insulin to human proinsulin, of from about 1:100 to about 100:1, is useful in treating diabetics and in promoting attainment of natural hormonal homeostasis, thereby preventing or substantially diminishing or retarding diabetic complications.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition which comprises, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, human insulin and human proinsulin in a weight ratio, human insulin to human proinsulin, of from about 1:100 to about 100:1, is useful in treating diabetics and in promoting attainment of natural hormonal homeostasis, thereby preventing or substantially diminishing or retarding diabetic complications.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a process for the purification of glucagon from a glucagon salt cake containing pancreas gland-sourced glucagon, which comprises(1) dissolving said glucagon salt cake in an aqueous medium containing a water-miscible organic solvent;(2) contacting the glucagon salt cake solution with a hydrophobic adsorption support at a pH less than about 4 or greater than about 7.5 and at conditions under which the glucagon is adsorbed on said hydrophobic adsorption support;(3) eluting glucagon from said hydrophobic adsorption support with an aqueous solution containing a water-miscible organic solvent to obtain a first glucagon-containing solution;(4) contacting a solution containing glucagon eluted from said hydrophobic adsorption support, said solution having a pH of from about 7.5 to about 10.

Abstract: This specification describes a process for separating impurities from an impure mixture containing proinsulin-like material with substantially complete recovery of said proinsulin-like material, which comprises:(1) applying said mixture to a reverse phase macroporous acrylate ester copolymer resin support at a pH of from about 7 to about 10; and(2) eluting said proinsulin-like material from said support with an aqueous eluant having a pH of from about 8 to about 11 and containing from about 10% to about 30% by volume of an organic diluent selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile, and a combination of acetone and acetonitrile.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a process for inhibiting carbamylation of peptides during treatment of said peptides, which comprises carrying out said treatment in the presence of a carbamylation-inhibiting amount of an agent selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene diamine and 1,2-ethylene diamine-like materials.

Abstract: A class of compounds having insulin-like activity is described. These compounds have the formula ##STR1## in which X is --OH, -Arg-Arg-OH, or -Arg-Arg-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu-Gln-Val-Gly-Gln-Val-Glu-Leu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Pro-G ly-Ala-Gly-Ser-Leu-Gln-Pro-Leu-OH.

Abstract: A class of compounds having insulin-like activity is described. These compounds have the formula ##STR1## in which X is --OH, -Ala-Leu-Glu-Gly-Ser-Leu-Gln-OH, or -Ala-Leu-Glu-Gly-Ser-Leu-Gln-Lys-Arg-OH.

Abstract: A class of compounds having insulin-like activity is described. These compounds have the formula ##STR1## in which n is zero or one.

Abstract: There is provided by this invention cell-targeting cytotoxic compositions comprising transferrin covalently coupled to vinca alkaloid.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid addition salts thereof, in whichR is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or allyl;A is a residue of a D-amino acid selected from the goup consisting of Ala, Abu, Nva, Val, Nle, Leu, Ile, Gly(Al), Gly(Cp) Met, Cys(Me), Met(O), Cys(Me) (O), Ser, Ser(Me), Thr, and Hse;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 primary alkyl, cyclopropylmethyl, allyl, ethylthiomethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, or propargyl; andX is hydrogen, fluoro, bromo, iodo, chloro, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; are useful analgesic agents.

Abstract: The discovery of this invention is a process for inhibiting undesired irreversible thiol reactions of thiol-containing peptides while preforming desirable thiol intermediates during methionyl cleavage of said peptides using CNBr by carrying out said cleavage in the presence of thiosulfate ion.

Abstract: A proinsulin-like disulfide insulin precursor is produced from its corresponding linear chain S-sulfonate insulin precursor by reacting the S-sulfonate with a mercaptan in an amount which provides from about 1 to about 5 --SH moieties per --SSO.sub.3.sup.- moiety in an aqueous medium at a pH of from about 7 to about 11.5 and at an S-sulfonate concentration of up to about 10 mg. per ml. of aqueous medium.

Abstract: A method is described for preventing or minimizing the effects of a drug on an embryo or a fetus by placental transport while alleviating pain and anxiety of the pregnant female by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the formulaH-L-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-L-Phe-L-(N-CH.sub.3)Met-NH.sub.2or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A .beta.-cyanoethyl blocking group is selectively removed from the phosphate moiety of a nucleotide or polynucleotide by treatment with diethyl amine.

Abstract: A .beta.-cyanoethyl blocking group is selectively removed from the phosphate moiety of a nucleotide or polynucleotide by treatment with a primary amine having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A class of 23 or 24 amino acid peptides available by chemical synthesis or by enzymatic and chemical cleavage of IgG is described. The compounds are useful in modulating the immune response.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid addition salts thereof, in whichL and D define the chirality;R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 primary alkyl;R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 primary or secondary alkyl, allyl, cyclopropylmethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 hydroxyalkyl, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -U-CH.sub.3 in which U is --S-- or ##STR2## and m is 1 or 2; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 primary or secondary alkyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or allyl;R.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 primary or secondary alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.sub.3 in which X is --O--, --S--, ##STR3## n is 1 or 2, and p is 0 or 1, phenyl, or monosubstituted phenyl in which the substituent is halo, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, or trifluoromethyl;R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 primary alkyl; andZ is --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.6, ##STR4## in which R.sub.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl and R.sub.7 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid addition salts thereof, in which L and D define the chirality;R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 primary alkyl;R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 primary or secondary alkyl, allyl, cyclopropylmethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 hydroxyalkyl, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --U--CH.sub.3 in which U is --S-- or >S--O and m is 1 or 2,R.sub.3 is cyclopropylmethyl or allyl; and ##STR2## in which R.sub.4 is hydrogen, acetyl, or acetoxymethyl and R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl; are useful analgesic agents.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid addition salts thereof, in which L and D, when applicable, define the chirality;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 primary alkyl;R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 primary or secondary alkyl or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --S--CH.sub.3 ;R.sub.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 primary alkyl;R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 primary alkyl;Y is hydrogen or acetyl; andZ is ##STR2## --CH.sub.2 OH, or --CN; subject to the limitation that no more than one of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 primary alkyl; are useful analgesic agents.