Abstract: The invention describes a process for overbasing a substrate comprising mixing the substrate, water, a phenol, a source of magnesium and a carbonating agent, wherein the water is retained throughout the overbasing reaction and provided further that the weight ratio of the water to the magnesium is in a 10:1 to 1:5 weight ratio, thereby obtaining a magnesium overbased substrate.

Abstract: A load-carrying agent and a lubricating composition containing such an agent is disclosed. The agent is preferably comprised of a statistical mixture of a plurality of different coupled phosphorus-containing amide compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3, independently, is O or S; wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently, is a hydrocarbyl, a hydrocarbyl-based oxy, the hydrocarbyl portion of which contains 6 to 22 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbyl-based thio having from 4 to about 34 carbon atoms; wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, independently, is hydrogen, or an alkyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, or an aromatic, an alkyl-substituted aromatic or an aromatic-substituted alkyl having from 6 to about 34 carbon atoms; wherein n is 0 or 1; wherein n' is 1, 2 or 3; wherein R.sup.7 is hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; and wherein when n' is 1, R.sup.

Abstract: Additive combinations useful in lubricating compositions containing a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity are described. The additive compositions comprise a mixture of at least one alkyl phenol and at least one amino phenol, each having at least one hydrocarbon-based group of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms. The additive compositions also are useful in fuel-lubricant mixtures for use in two-cycle internal combustion engines. Generally, the additive combinations also will contain a detergent/dispersant.

Abstract: Phosphorus, sulphur and nitrogen containing salts prepared from dithiophosphorus compounds and amines are disclosed, which salts find utility in aqueous functional fluids. Compositions comprising a continuous aqueous phase, at least one of said salts prepared from dithiophosphorus compounds and amines and optionally a surface active agent are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method which involves the isolation, analysis and characterization of dispersants present in motor oils is disclosed. The method is particularly useful in connection with the characterization of high molecular weight polybutenyl succinimide dispersants present in finished motor oils so as to provide detailed information with respect to the starting material reactants needed to synthesize such dispersants. The method involves breaking down complexation present in the oil followed by the isolation of the dispersant from the oil via dialysis. The isolated dispersant in the form of a dialysis residue is then acidified and passed through an ion exchange chromatographic column to adsorb acid materials away from the dispersant. Dispersant content and total carbonyl content can then be determined. The dispersant is then subjected to saponification with sodium hydroxide to provide a hydrocarbyl sodium succinate and a polyamine.

Abstract: The hydrogen sulfide emission of oil-soluble sulfurized organic compounds is reduced by utilizing a hindered amine and optionally a carboxylic acid or acid anhydride in effective amounts.

Abstract: Processes of reducing the inorganic sulfur-containing acid and the low equivalent weight organic sulfonic acid content of an acid mass comprising organic sulfonic components and inorganic sulfonating agent contaminants are described. In general, the process comprises the steps of(a) treating the acid mass with ammonia in the presence of water to neutralize the acids in said acid mass and to form a mixture containing the ammonium salts of said acids.(b) allowing separation of the mixture to provide a lower aqueous phase containing water-soluble ammonium salts and an upper phase comprising the oleophilic alcohol and ammonium salts of the organic sulfonic acids, and(c) recovering at least a portion of said upper phase.The efficiency of the reduction of undesirable materials from the acid mass can be increased by subjecting the recovered upper phase to additional water extractions in the presence of the oleophilic alcohol.