Abstract: A fiber optic switch of the moving fiber type and a method of making such switches. The switch has at least one stationary fiber and a mobile fiber carried by an actuator, preferably a bimorph, the end of the movable fiber being movable between a transmitting position in which the core of the mobile fiber is aligned with the core of the one stationary fiber and a position in which there is no alignment of the core of the mobile fiber with the core of the same stationary fiber. The stationary fiber is affixed to a smooth substrate surface with a slight flex downwardly between the point at which it is affixed to substrate surface and the end of the fiber which engages the substrate surface. The actuator is mounted to move in a plane substantially parallel to and above the substrate surface, and the mobile fiber is affixed to the actuator and with a downward flex between the point at which it is affixed to the actuator and the very end thereof which engages the substrate surface.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for transforming an unconsolidated formation surrounding a borehole into a consolidated state for the prevention of the migration of small particles during the removal of fluid from the borehole. The formation is heated to a predetermined temperature capable of supporting low temperature oxidation, precipitation of asphaltenes occurs in the formation upon injection of unheated air, without fracturing the formation, into the borehole and results in consolidation of the formation.

Abstract: A navigational apparatus for use in a piloted craft in which a map is displayed pictorially on a screen, representative of the terrain over which the craft is passing. The apparatus employs a moving film strip, a light source and known means to focus and project an image onto the screen. The light source is adapted for arcuate movement across the width of the film synchronously with an optical scanning device placed between the film and the screen and also adapted for arcuate movement so that N-S scanning of an individual film frame may be effected. E-W scanning of the film frame is effected by advancing the film in a suitable film transport. The film transport mechanism is suitably programmed to take into account a correction factor for the arcuate displacement of the N-S scanning device.