Abstract: A cryptography circuit provides secure processing of data by utilizing countermeasures that combat timing and power attacks. Superfluous operations such as multiplication operations, modular reductions by an integer, storage of data to memory are available for use by a processor to disguise the amount of power usage and the amount of time required to perform a cryptographic operation. A cryptographic key is available for use in order to trigger when these emulated operations occur. The occurrences of the emulated operations is controlled by the user to provide the preferred tradeoff between security and use of resources.

Abstract: A utility data collection system can be implemented utilizing a serial sequence of transmissions between subsequent utility monitors. Each utility monitor can add its local utility data with the data of preceding utility monitors and transmit the combined set of data to the next utility monitor in the serial sequence. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, low power transmitters can be utilized at each utility monitor in the field to transmit to proximate utility monitors such that high power transmitters are not required to communicate directly with the utility center. Furthermore, the detection of anomalies can be tracked and immediately conveyed to the utility centers from each utility monitor. Components of the utility collection system can be implemented as code, methods and apparatus.

Abstract: Exemplary methods, systems and apparatus are provided for accomplishing mixing of chemistries, such as those used in polishing materials used in semiconductor manufacturing. A manifold is provided that combines chemistries with a mixing element, for example, so that the stability of the chemical solution can be maintained so as to facilitate polishing. The mixing element can be oriented in a stationary position, or alternatively, it can be agitated.