Abstract: Information about air turbulence and wind shear can be obtained by analyzing the fluctuation of the envelope, at the detector output of a pulse radar, of backscatter from hydrometeors which trace the wind field. Further, under some conditions, radar returns can be identified as being backscatter from weather targets or from the ground or sea. The detector output signal is quantized into one of several class intervals whose boundaries, in mid-range, are in the same ratio. Consecutive radar returns from scatterers at the same nominal range and scan angle are quantized into either the same or different class intervals. The ratio of the number of consecutive quantizations that are different to the number of trials is a measure of the variance of relative velocities at that range and scan angle.

Abstract: A variable flow ejector for use in controlling the amount of bypass flow in a fluid delivery system which includes a pump, a metering orifice and a bypass line for circulating a variable amount of flow from the pump outlet to the pump inlet to control the pressure drop across the orifice. The bypass flow enters the ejector through a variable area nozzle coaxially disposed with respect to a stream from a source of fluid whereby the velocity head of the bypass flow is recovered as pressure head at the pump inlet for increased efficiency. The bypass flow is controlled by varying the area of the ejector nozzle as a combined function proportional to the pressure drop across the orifice plus the time integral of the error in the pressure drop across the orifice.

Abstract: A solder pack consists of a thin heat resistant carrier board having spaced holes therethrough in which are held solder rings. The solder pack is, for example, placed over pins supported in correspondingly spaced holes in a printed circuit board so that each pin protrudes through an associated solder ring in the solder pack. Heat is applied to melt the solder rings to solder the pins to the printed circuit board. Two representative means for manufacturing solder packs are disclosed.

Abstract: A microwave landing system employing a phased array antenna for the generation of narrow, scanning guidance beams in which broad beam antennas used for transmitting identification signals, fly-left, fly-right guidance signals and the like with broad coverage are eliminated by applying spoiling phases to the phase shifters of the array thereby broadening the beam shape of the array to a pattern substantially identical to the pattern of a broad beam antenna formerly used. The spoiling phases are applied to the array in the time slots allocated to transmission of broad beam signals and the broad beam signals are then transmitted by the array. The spoiling phases are removed from the array during the time slots allocated to transmission of narrow scanning beams and the narrow scanning beams are then transmitted by the array. Computation of spoiling phases to provide particular patterns for particular antennas is disclosed.

Abstract: A single pressure sensor is caused to provide a pressure measurement at two separate pressure regions through the use of a differential pressure switch whose switch over point occurs when the two regions are at a fixed pressure differential or offset. The sensor is connected to sense a first region with a sensor output signal being compared to a signal related to the count in a counter. Upon switch over the counter is actuated to make a signal equal to the sensor output signal. The counter signal, compensated for the offset, is related to the pressure at the second region.

Abstract: A probe for obtaining particulate-free samples of gas from a smoke stack for a power plant or other industrial installation. The probe comprises a coarse filter, with means for periodic cleaning by blowback, protecting the inlet to an inertial filter. A high velocity flow of coarsely filtered stack gas is established through the inertial filter. Sample gas is withdrawn from the inertial filter at a low rate in a direction orthogonal to the gas stream through the inertial filter so as not to disturb particles in the inertial filter stream. The invention eliminates the necessity for frequent maintenance of stack mounted filters or other stack mounted components.

Abstract: A video processor for Distance Measuring Equipment in which all timing functions including fixed delays are performed by digital counters counting clock pulses from a highly stable source. Search and track operations are conducted by starting a memory counter by a reply from a responser and stopping the memory counter at a time corresponding to maximum range. On a succeeding interrogation cycle the memory counter is started prior to the time a reply at zero range would be received. In this cycle the memory counter begins count with the count it contained when stopped during the previous cycle; the memory counter counts until it reaches a number corresponding to maximum range, stops and initiates a range gate. A reply within the range gate causes the range gate to be repeated at the same time in the following interrogation cycle. A sufficient number of replies within the range gate cause tracking operation to begin. A velocity memory provides continuing tracking during temporary loss of reply signals.

Abstract: AM noise produced by a CW or FM-CW radar transmitter can be cancelled from the radar receiver output by use of a servo system working at video frequencies. A fixed pair of AM sidebands is deliberately added to the source, using a known discrete modulating frequency. A demodulated sample of the total AM noise produced by the source is obtained from a single ended mixer. The servo system adjusts the gain of an amplifier processing this noise, until the level of the demodulated test signal is equal to the level of the demodulated test signal at the output of the radar receiver. The two video signals are then subtracted, cancelling the test tone from the receiver output and incidentally also cancelling the AM source noise from the output of the system.

Abstract: Combined keyed AGC and pulse amplitude comparison circuit for use in pulse pair communications system such as DME wherein AGC keying signal is constituted by the second pulse having a predetermined spacing from a first pulse of a pair and wherein said second pulse also provides a reference against which the amplitude of succeeding pulses is compared. Pulses with amplitudes above said reference level are passed to a decoder for determining pulse spacing. The decoder determines which pulse pairs are properly spaced so that the second pulse of a pair can serve as a keying signal.

Abstract: An accessory for a gas concentrator-gas chromatograph system including a split heater block hinged to expose a channel shaped to receive a concentrator column. Quick detachable gas connections are aligned with the block channel facilitating rapid and convenient handling of concentrator columns when a number of similar analyses are to be conducted.

Abstract: A combined loop, sense and communications antenna for aircraft automatic direction finding radio receiver and communications transceiver. A blade-like antenna and a loop antenna are combined in a unitary, streamlined housing of insulating material. The blade antenna serves the dual purpose of providing sense signals to the ADF receiver and of providing a transmitting and receiving antenna for the communications transceiver.

Abstract: A phase detector which employs four memory elements suitably comprised by D-type flip-flops. The detector provides an output dependent upon the phase difference between two input signals. One pair of memory elements is clocked by one input signal. The other pair of memory elements is clocked by the other input signal. The memory elements are so arranged that when the ratio of the frequencies of the input signals is less than 2:1, the detector provides three output states which may be used in a phase locked oscillator to cause, in the first state, an increase in the frequency of one input signal; in the second state, no frequency change; and in the third state, a decrease in frequency. Above a frequency ratio of 2:1, the detector never enters the second state. Elimination of the second state under such conditions decreases the time required for a phase locked oscillator with this detector to achieve phase lock.