Abstract: This invention relates to a new class of organic chemical compounds. More particularly, this invention is concerned with amido and hydrazido derivatives of N-phosphinothioylmethylglycine esters. This class of compounds has been found to be useful as herbicides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid having improved color, odor and lower viscosity. 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid which is also known as 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid, is hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid having an initial strength of between about 50% by weight and about 70% by weight on an organic-free basis, thereby producing an intermediate aqueous hydrolysis product solution containing 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyramide. The 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyramide is hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid having a strength of between about 30% by weight and about 50% by weight on an organic-free basis to produce an aqueous hydrolyzate containing 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid. The hydrolyzate solution is contacted with a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent in a liquid-liquid extraction system to produce an extract comprising the solvent and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid transferred from the hydrolyzate. The acid product is then recovered from the extract.

Abstract: In production of solid films (e.g. a floor covering wear layer) from vinyl chloride polymer plastisols, good physical properties of the plastisols and films are provided by use of a plasticizer containing 50-90% prime ester at least about 40 parts per hundred parts by weight of which is aromatic diester selected from alkyl benzyl succinates, glutarates and mixtures thereof, up to 20% hydrocarbon boiling at 200.degree.-325.degree. C. and 10-50% non-aromatic diester having a molecular weight of 230-300. Using such a plasticizer, the plastisols and films can be conveniently plasticized with relatively small amounts of prime ester, and the films containing such small amounts of prime ester have unusually high stain resistance.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing color, inhibiting color development, and reducing color of monoalkyl phenols by incorporation of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, preferably from about 5 parts per million to about 50 parts per million. Also a color stabilized monoalkyl phenol composition comprising a monoalkyl phenol and a color stabilizing amount of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.

Abstract: Compounds containing a chloroammelide moiety having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkali metal or H, Y is Cl or H, and Y is H when R is H, said compounds being not fully hydrated when R is alkali metal, contain both free and combined chlorine, and are attractive for use in bleaching. Those not fully hydrated can be prepared by removing combined water of hydration from more fully hydrated compounds obtained by chlorinating an aqueous mixture of ammelide and alkali metal ions. The fully hydrated compound wherein R is H is prepared by chlorinating an aqueous mixture of ammelide and about 2-2.2 moles of alkali metal ion per mole of ammelide.

Abstract: A method for controlling dopant variation in neutron silicon is provided wherein the selection of undoped single crystal silicon for neutron transmutation doping is based upon certain criteria, for example, a maximum dopant difference which depends only on the desired uniformity of the neutron doped material and a maximum average dopant concentration which is a function of the homogeneity of both the undoped single crystal silicon and the neutron doped product. The results achievable from using the method for controlling dopant variation in the neutron doped silicon provides uniformity of the neutron doped product determinable by the correct choice of dopant difference and dopant factor, and that the doping precision for the radiated silicon does not depend on the doping factor.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive mark-recording systems of chromogens comprised of diphenylmethane derivatives in solution with selected diester solvents is disclosed as well as pressure-sensitive mark-recording systems comprised of (a) sheet material, (b) mark-forming components supported by the sheet material and arranged in juxtaposition but in unreactive condition, a chromogen, and an acid clay sensitizer for the chromogen, and (c) the solvent supported by the sheet material but separated from the sensitizing agent by a physical barrier which is rupturable on the application of a marking instrument to the sheet material.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive mark-recording system comprising (a) sheet material, (b) mark-forming components supported by the sheet material and arranged in juxtaposition comprising a chromogen material and an acid clay sensitizing agent for the chromogenic material which produces a color from the chromogenic material when brought into contact with the chromogenic material in the presence of a solvent for the chromogenic material with the solvent supported by the sheet material but separated from its sensitizing agent by a physical barrier which is rupturable on the application of the marking instrument to the sheet material, the invention characterized in that the liquid solvent is a solvent comprised of a blend of aromatic hydrocarbon components in which at least one-half the carbon atoms are benzenoid or a mixture of such hydrocarbons, and a diester component.

Abstract: Concentrated ammonium salt compositions containing a binder and a viscosity control agent, when utilized in aqueous dispersion, are stabilized against gelation by addition of an inhibitor. The aqueous dispersion is applied to foliage, vegetation, logging slash and the like to hinder or prevent wildfires during prolonged weather exposure. Typical gelation inhibitors are morpholine, ethylenediamine and monoethanolamine.

Abstract: Oil droplets are encapsulated by forming a dispersion of the droplets in an aqueous alkaline liquid medium containing a water-soluble salt of a polycarboxylate polymer and acidifying the medium to a pH in the range of 5 to 8 whereby the polycarboxylate polymer precipitates to form walls around the droplets.

Abstract: A concentrated ammonium salt composition containing a binder and viscosity control agent usable in aqueous dispersion. The dispersion is applied to foliage and vegetation to hinder or prevent wildfires for one complete season.

Abstract: Clear concentrate compositions suitable for dilution to form a cut clear without need for neutralization following dilution are prepared by (1) admixing a bonding agent, a wetting agent, an organic solvent and a thickening agent, the thickening agent comprising a cross-linked olefin-maleic anhydride interpolymer and (2) neutralizing the undiluted admixture with an acyclic or heterocyclic monoamine.

Abstract: Solvents useful to dissolve dyes employed in pressure-sensitive copying systems comprise aryl esters of benzoic or substituted benzoic acid having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.9 alkyl; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and n is zero or 1.

Abstract: Crude cyanuric acid of improved purity is obtained by pyrolyzing mixtures of urea, recycled cyanuric acid and either ammonium nitrate or concentrated nitric acid at temperatures of about 250.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Chloro-s-triazine triones having improved crystal properties are obtained by reacting cyanuric acid, alkali metal hydroxide and chlorine in an aqueous reaction mixture in the presence of a crystal modifier selected from the group consisting of alkali metal disulfonates of alkylated diphenyloxide wherein the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms, and alkylated diphenyloxide disulfonic acid wherein the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A new class of monoepoxyethylenecyclohexyl compounds useful as acid scavengers and corrosion inhibitors in functional fluid compositions.

Abstract: Improved hydraulic fluids contain at least one compound represented by the structure: ##STR1## where Q.sub.1 is --0--R.sub.1 or ##STR2## Q.sub.2 is --O--R.sub.4 or ##STR3## Q.sub.3 is --O--R.sub.7 or ##STR4## and Q.sub.4 is --O--R.sub.10 or ##STR5## R is selected from the group consisting of non-phenolic ether residue, non-phenolic thioether residue, non-phenolic polyether residue, linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cyclic alkyl, substituted cyclic alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl and non-phenolic alkyl-aryl, containing from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; provided that the --O--R--O-- portion of the structure is non-phenolic; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 are individually selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cyclic alkyl, non-phenolic alkylaryl or substituted cyclic alkyl, containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and can be the same or different in any combination; R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Ethylene-maleic anhydride interpolymers of improved hydrolytic and electrolytic stability are produced by cross-linking with about 0.35 to about 0.55 mol percent of triallyl isocyanurate based upon the maleic anhydride monomer.

Abstract: An improved method of transmitting power in hydraulically-operated mechanisms which comprises using as the operative fluid substantially completely hydrogenated dimers of alpha-methylstyrene, e.g. 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane.

Abstract: The oxidation resistance of synthetic ester base functional fluids is enhanced by incorporating in the fluid small amounts of triphenylphosphine or triphenylphosphine oxide together with a complex alkali metal organophosphorus compound.