Abstract: A highly effective fuel additive composition for control of intake valve deposits is described. It comprises (a) a gasoline-soluble Mannich reaction product of (i) a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted phenol, (ii) amine, and (iii) aldehyde; (b) a gasoline-soluble poly(oxyalkylene) carbamate; and (c) a gasoline-soluble poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol, glycol or polyol, or mono or diether thereof. Fuel compositions and methods of controlling engine deposits are also described.

Abstract: Compounds are described in which a polyamine moiety is linked to a phenolic moiety by a Mannich base linkage involving one of the amino groups of the polyamine moiety, and in which an aminoalkylene-poly(oxyalkylene) moiety is linked to the phenolic moiety by a Mannich base linkage involving an amino group of the alkylene-poly(oxyalkylene) moiety. Compounds of this type have been found to be highly effective in controlling the formation of intake valve deposits in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The amount of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and hydrocarbon emissions emanating via the exhaust during operation of a gasoline engine is reduced by dispensing to a gasoline engine adjusted to operate primarily at an air-to-fuel ratio between lambda of about 0.9 to about 1.15, a gasoline that contains a minor amount of (i) a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound and (ii) an alkyllead anti-knock agent. Components (i) and (ii) are proportioned such that there is dissolved in the fuel a substantially equal weight of manganese as (i) and lead as (ii), and the amount of (i) and (ii) used in the fuel is an amount that reduces the amount of NOx and hydrocarbons in the engine exhaust on combustion of the fuel with an air-to-fuel ratio between lambda of about 0.9 to about 1.15. Lambda is the actual air-to-fuel ratio divided by the stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio. The stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio is a lambda value of one.

Abstract: The invention relates to overcoming a new deposit problem, namely the formation on injector components and intake valves of diesel engines of deposits containing a substantial amount of inorganic material along with some organic binder materials. This problem has been traced to the presence of trace amounts of alkali metal salts in the fuel composition, and the invention overcomes the problem by including in such fuels a minor amount of at least one fuel-soluble complexing agent capable of forming in the diesel fuel oil a fuel-soluble complex with said inorganic alkali metal salt and/or the alkali metal cation thereof. The complexing agents used are selected from crown ethers, aza-crown ethers, polycrown ethers, lariat-crown ethers, cryptands, spherands, and bridged spherands.

Abstract: An oil soluble dispersant composition formed by reacting a basic nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant (i) with at least one dibasic acylating agent, (ii) with at least one phosphorus compound, and (iii) with at least one boron compound, said reactions (i), (ii) and (iii) being conducted concurrently or sequentially in any order such that the initial ashless dispersant is chemically modified via acylation in (i), by phosphorylation in (ii), and by boronation in (iii).

Abstract: Additives are produced by (i) reacting an O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid with a monoepoxide or mixture of monoepoxides having in the range of 20 to about 30 carbon atoms in the molecule, (ii) reacting the product with phosphorus pentoxide to produce an acid phosphate intermediate, and (iii) neutralizing the intermediate with at least one amine. At least 50 mole % , and preferably all, of the hydrocarbyl groups of the O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid are secondary acyclic hydrocarbyl groups free of acetylenic unsaturation. The balance, if any, of such hydrocarbyl groups are primary acyclic hydrocarbyl groups free of acetylenic unsaturation. The additives are multifunctional in that they have limited slip properties, antiwear/extreme pressure properties, and corrosion inhibiting properties.

Abstract: A novel dispersant composition is described which has been found to possess excellent dispersancy performance. When suitably formulated, lubricants can be formed that exhibit superior performance in a wide variety of rigorous qualification tests.

Abstract: Ashless dispersants are formed using polymers of propylene characterized in that they are liquid substantially linear polymers, they have stereo-irregularity in the polymer chain, at least 60 mol percent of the polymer has a terminal vinylidene group and, optionally, the polymer contains up to 25 mol percent of ethylene or a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monoolefin polymerized into the polymer chains.

Abstract: The frictional properties of gear oils are improved by including at least one overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylate, sulphonate or sulphurized phenate having a TBN of at least 200 in a gear oil which comprises: oil of lubricating viscosity at least 80% by volume of which is mineral oil, synthetic ester oil or a mixture thereof; Mannich base ashless dispersant; metal-free, sulphur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent; and metal-free, phosphorus-containing and nitrogen-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent. The resultant gear oils exhibit excellent performance when used in synchromesh-based transmissions.

Abstract: The dispersants are formed by reacting (a) at least one dispersant having at least one primary or secondary amino group and/or at least one hydroxyl group, with (b) at least one polyolefinic compound substituted at each terminal position by a succinic group. Suitable substances for use as reactant (b) include compounds derived from at least one telechelic compound having up to 5000 carbon atoms and at least two terminal methylene groups by reaction with maleic anhydride or the like. The products are deemed to be effective dispersant/detergents for use in fuels and lubricants. In fuels the products are deemed to exhibit the property of inhibiting and/or reducing deposit formation such as intake valve deposits. In crankcase lubricants, the products are deemed to provide desirable viscosity index improving properties.

Abstract: Dispersancy and fluoroelastomer seal compatibility are achieved by use in the lubricant of a dispersing amount of a product made by reacting aminoguanidine or a basic salt thereof with a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride in a mole ratio of from about 0.4 to about 1.2 moles of the aminoguanidine or basic salt thereof per mole of the succinic acid or anhydride compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to overcoming a new deposit problem, namely the formation on injector components and intake valves of gasoline engines of deposits containing a substantial amount of inorganic material along with some organic binder materials. This problem has been traced to the presence of trace amounts of alkali metal salts in the fuel composition, and the invention overcomes the problem by including in such fuels a minor amount of at least one gasoline-soluble complexing agent capable of forming in the gasoline a gasoline-soluble complex with said inorganic alkali metal salt and/or the alkali metal cation thereof. The complexing agents used are selected from crown ethers, aza-crown ethers, polycrown ethers, lariat-crown ethers, cryptands, spherands, and bridged spherands.

Abstract: An effective way is described for overcoming the shudder problem associated with continuous slip torque converter clutches for use in automatic transmissions, especially shudder which occurs with new friction materials before break-in. To do this, an ATF is used in which the friction modifier system consists essentially of (i) an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted diethanolamine in which the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituent is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group free of acetylenic unsaturation and having in the range of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and (ii) an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted trimethylenediamine in which the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituent is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group free of acetylenic unsaturation and having in the range of about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms. The ATF is devoid of any tertiary amine friction modifier component and any C.sub.12-36 aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide or succinamide friction modifier.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: Ashless dispersants are formed using polymers of propylene characterized in that they are liquid substantially linear polymers, they have stereo-irregularity in the polymer chain, at least 60 mol percent of the polymer has a terminal vinylidene group and, optionally, the polymer contains up to 25 mol percent of ethylene or a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monoolefin polymerized into the polymer chains.

Abstract: A product formed by reacting at least one acyclic hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agent such as polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with at least one N-(alkoxyalkyl)alkanediamine such as N-(isodecyloxypropyl)-1,3-diaminopropane is effective as a detergent-dispersant for liquid fuels and oleaginous liquids.

Abstract: A process for preparing, in high yield, a sulfurized olefinic product for use in lubricating oil compositions having a low chlorine content, a sulfur content of from about 40 to about 50 weight percent and a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of less than about 20 cSt.

Abstract: Fuels, methods of producing fuels, and methods of using fuels to reduce the amount of atmospheric pollutants (NOx, CO, and/or hydrocarbons) formed on combustion of middle distillate fuels in engines or burner apparatus. These results can be achieved without concomitant increases in emissions of particulates. The fuels contain less than 500 ppm of sulfur and at least one peroxy ester combustion improver.

Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate yarn is prepared by spinning under high stress conditions in the transition region between oriented-amorphous and oriented-crystalline undrawn yarns by selection of process parameters to form an undrawn yarn that is a crystalline, partially oriented yarn with a crystallinity of 3 to 15 percent and a melting point elevation of 2.degree. to 10.degree. C. The spun yarn is then hot drawn to a total draw ratio between 1.5/1 and 2.5/1 with the resulting properties: (A) a terminal modulus of at least 20 g/d, (B) a dimensional stability defined by E.sub.4.5 +FS<13.5 percent, (C) a tenacity of at least 7 grams per denier, (D) a melting point elevation of 9.degree. to 14.degree. C., and (E) an amorphous orientation function of less than 0.75. The resulting treated tire cord provides high tenacity in combination with improved dimensional stability.

Abstract: In a continuous process for the production of high strength polyester yarn with enhanced low shrinkage the improvement comprising maintaining the traveling yarn about a pair of heated draw rolls for a period of at least 0.25 seconds, maintaining the air temperature in the region about said traveling yarn for said period at a temperature of at least 220.degree. C., said draw rolls each having a surface temperature of at least 220.degree. C. and a substantial portion of its surface with a surface roughness value of at least 50 microinches, whereby said yarn is heated sufficiently to obtain a substantial relaxation between said heated draw rolls and said relaxation roll system, thereby providing enhanced low shrinkage. Polyethylene terephthalate industrial yarn having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.78, a dry heat shrinkage DIN.sub.177 of less than 2.0%, a dry heat shrinkage DIN.sub.200 of less than 4.5%, and a tenacity of at least 7.2 grams per denier is a part of the invention.