Abstract: In a compact electromagnetic miniature relay comprising a contact spring (12) which is firmly clamped at one end, and which bears double contacts (9, 10) arranged on each side, and with the connecting line thereof extending vertically in relation to the longitudinal axis of the contact spring, and which are capable of being moved by an actuator (6) arranged on the armature (5), from stationary break contacts (7) to stationary make contacts (8), with said contact spring (12) being divided by a longitudinal slot (16) partly into two parallel spring legs (19, 20) pretensioned against the break contacts (7), and in which the actuator (6) engages between the clamping point (13) and the free end (11) of the contact spring, the actuator (6), according to the invention, is designed to have at least the same width as the contact spring (12) at the actuating point (17), with the longitudinal slot (16) beginning at a small spacing from the actuating point (17) and extending up to the end (11) of the contact spring (12),

Abstract: In a relay according to this invention the terminal elements (17) are injection-molded into wall members (2,3) which are so designed that they during assembly, and if so required, together with parts of the flange (35) of the coil (16) of the electromagnetic driving system, form a cup-shaped member having a bottom part (4). The rim portion (9) of the cover member (1) which is capable of being placed thereon, projects over the bottom part (4). The thus resulting space may be filled with a sealing compound (casting resin) (13). From this there results a tight relay consisting of a few individual parts only, which is easy to manufacture and which, moreover, is solder- and wash-tight.

Abstract: A grounding system for grounding the neutral conductor of an electrical distribution system. A point of reference potential with respect to true earth ground potential is provided. An amplifier has a first input connected to the reference potential and a second input connected to the grounded neutral conductor. The amplifier provides an output signal indicative of the difference between the undesired stray voltage on the grounded neutral conductor and the reference potential. The amplifier develops the output signal across the secondary winding of an output transformer. One terminal of the output transformer is connected to the grounded neutral conductor of the distribution system. The other output terminal of the transformer is connected to true earth ground by way of an auxiliary ground path having a finite resistance.

Abstract: A miniature rotary multi-position switch capable of being mounted on a printed circuit board (2). The housing (1) and the rotor (8) of the rotary switch, are each provided with a throughgoing bore (33, 16). The rotating control shaft (17) is inserted into the bore (16) of the rotor (8), so that the shaft projects on one of the sides (3, 18) of the housing (1). This permits the rotary switch to be actuated from any optional side of the printed circuit board (2). Therefore, the printed circuit board (2) can be installed with one of its two plane sides facing the actuating side of an equipment unit, and the rotary switch can be nevertheless actuated in that the control shaft (17) is fitted accordingly. The rotary switch is mounted to the printed circuit board (2) by snap locks (5) and the rotor (8) is held inside the housing (1) with the aid of detent elements (10).

Abstract: A rotary switch having a rotor and a housing and providing a plurality of angular switch positions or stages. The switch includes a plurality of radial slots in the housing having stop pins selectively inserted therein. The angular spacing between neighboring slots is twice the position angle or rotation from one switch position to the other. One or two stop bolts are mounted on the rotor at angular positions between the angular positions of a selected pair of stop pins in the housing. The stop bolts are separated from one another by a spacing equal to the position angle of rotation. The stop bolts engage the stop pins to limit the desired number of stages or switch positions. By selecting a corresponding combination of one or more stop pins and the arrangement of one or two stop bolts, any odd or even number of switch positions, each separated by the minimum angle or rotation, can be selected.

Abstract: To control a brake slip control apparatus, the rotational behavior of the wheels or of the axles is sensed with the aid of sensors, and the sensor signals for the generation of valve control signals, by which the braking pressure at the wheels is controlled dependent upon the wheel rotational behavior, will be processed electronically. On the basis of these sensor signals, valve control signals will be produced in at least two independently acting, synchronously driven logical circuit units, which may be integrated circuit configurations or complete "microcontrollers" or single-chip-microcomputers, and the signals' waveforms of each of the two circuit units can be compared and checked for agreement externally and internally at corresponding locations within the two circuit units. Upon the occurrence of variations in the external and/or the internal signals or in the signals' waveform, there will be caused, initiated or prepared a complete or partial disconnection of the brake slip control.

Abstract: A power brake unit for automotive vehicles comprising a valve adapted to meter fluid from an energy source into a booster chamber to act upon a booster piston arrangement. The booster piston arrangement includes a first booster piston and a second booster piston with the second booster piston being inoperative in the event of failure of the energy source. If the energy source fails, the pedal force is directly and mechanically transmitted from the brake pedal to the master cylinder piston via the first booster piston.

Abstract: A deceleration-sensitive braking pressure control unit having a ball valve freely movable in an inlet chamber of the housing of the unit. The ball opens or closes a channel for the passage of pressure fluid through a longitudinally slidable, pressurized stepped piston upon attainment of the change-over pressure with the vehicle loaded. The stepped piston is movable in the longitudinal bore of a pressurized annular piston which is supported slidably in the housing. In this arrangement, the annular piston is slidable in the housing to control the pressure fluid passage between its annular end face and the surface of the ball upon attainment of the change-over pressure, with the vehicle unloaded. Both the stepped piston, which contains the channel and the annular piston are comprised of varying effective surfaces acted upon by pressure fluid and are maintained in their initial positions in the housing by springs.

Abstract: A push button slide switch, the slider of which is held within the housing by means of a tongue-like retaining member. The retaining member is shaped so that it can be moved upwards by means of a simple flat tool which is inserted below or above the wall of the housing carrying the retaining member. Thus, the slider can be easily removed from the switch housing even when the switch is mounted in a front panel.

Abstract: To monitor and control hydraulic brake slip control devices supplied with energy from an external source and intended for use on motor vehicles equipped with several brake circuits, a check is kept on the fluid level in the reservoir holding the hydraulic fluid and on the pressure in the chambers supplied with the external energy. When the fluid level drops, which is detected by a reservoir level warning device, or when the pressure drops causing pressure warning switches to respond, the brake slip control will be only partially deactivated initially by halting the reduction in pressure in the static brake circuits and inhibiting the dynamic fluid flow into the static brake circuits. The dynamic brake circuit will continue to allow a controlled deceleration of the connected wheels. The partial deactivation will be initiated immediately or with a time delay or only if the error signals continue to be present beyond a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A dual-circuit hydraulic brake system with slip control, in particular for automotive vehicles, in which there are provided several sensors sensing the rotational behavior of the wheels and several solenoid valves (39, 37, 40, 38 41, 42, 30, 31) which are controllable by slip monitoring electronics (32). The wheel brakes (33, 34, 35, 36) connected to the brake circuits may be pressurized by a tandem master cylinder (3), on the one hand, and by an auxiliary pressure source, on the other hand. The auxiliary pressure source consists of an electric-motor-driven pressure medium pump (20) and of an accumulator (21). Each working chamber of the tandem master cylinder (3) hydraulically communicates with a brake valve (16) which may generate a dynamic pressure which, upon the actuation of the brake, will be supplied to wheel brakes (33, 34, 35, 36) by a switching-over action of inlet valves (30, 31).

Abstract: The hydraulic brake system with slip control comprises a master cylinder piston for operating a wheel brake, in which hydraulic medium tapped from the wheel brake during slip control will be supplied to the wheel brake from an auxiliary pressure source via a master cylinder gasket acting as check valve. The operating stroke of the master cylinder piston is limited by pressurization of a positioning piston through which a master cylinder piston rod is passed in a sealed manner and which is guided axially displaceable in a sealed manner in a housing. In order to prevent an abrupt movement of the positioning piston upon pressurization the positioning piston is constructed as a stepped piston whose smaller diameter is sealed with respect to the housing and having a piston step which in combination with the seal between the smaller diameter portion of the positioning piston and the housing annular chamber with a volume which is dependent on the pedal travel.

Abstract: In a so-called stop-start device for a motor vehicle engine particular consuming devices in the motor vehicle are changed over to a mode of operation with a lower current consumption, when the engine is switched off, or a switching-off of the engine is prevented, when functionally important consuming devices are switched on. Thus one achieves an appropriate compromise between saving of fuel and a satisfactory charge condition of the battery.

Abstract: A pushbutton switch is provided comprising a leaf spring with slotted leaf ends for forming a double contact and a fixed contact arranged transversely in relation thereto. The slotted spring ends, in the direction of the leaf spring axis, are provided with groove-shaped stampings. This results in a point-shaped contact which migrates as a result of the bending of the leaf spring so that a high contact pressure is produced and a self-cleaning of the contacts is achieved.

Abstract: An electro-optical display device including a substrate which carries a layer of electrodes containing one or more semi-conductive metal oxides. Over particular sections of its surface the layer of electrodes is provided with a metal coating. In these sections (25) the layer of electrodes (20) includes a portion (22) of the metals in elementary condition, which portion becomes greater from the area (A) adjacent to the substrate to the area (0) facing away from the substrate. The metals are available in combined condition in the semi-conductive metal oxides.

Abstract: Input unit for electronic equipment, consisting of a body of insulating material with finger guides in which sensor contacts and pushbutton switches are arranged. By moving the finger along the guides characters can be written and the sensor contacts produce corresponding electrical signals. By operating a corresponding pushbutton it is indicated that the writing-in operation is completed.

Abstract: Dual-circuit pressure control valves are known in which the two control pistons are acted upon by a common preloading force through the intermediary of a preload distributor. The disadvantage of the known devices is that the valve closure travel is great resulting in a large fluid volume input to the control valve. According to the present invention this disadvantage is overcome by providing adjustable stops which cooperate with corresponding extensions of the distributor as soon as an unsymmetrical mode of operation of the valves occurs.

Abstract: An electrical contact unit comprises a flexible semiconductor, e.g. silicon, filament carrying contacts and having a shorted pn junction. The filament is mounted in a magnetic field. When light is directed on to the junction, e.g. from an optical fiber, the induced photo current flowing around the short circuit interacts with the magnetic field so as to bend the filament so as to establish connection with one or more adjacent fixed contacts.

Abstract: A control arrangement for use in a hydraulic braking system equipped with an antiskid control device and an auxiliary energy source and including a master cylinder device which is operated in dependence on the travel of a brake pedal, includes normally open separating valves in braking conduits to the wheel brake actuating cylinders, which close during antiskid control operation, provided that auxiliary energy is available. An auxiliary supply conduit supplies the auxiliary energy to the wheel brake actuating cylinders so that the latter can be operated in a dynamic manner.

Abstract: A tool for driving nails into hard surfaces wherein the driving power is provided by cartridges of explosive powder. An extrudible stop member is provided in the barrel of the tool in front of the piston which is impacted by the piston when the tool is overdriven. The stop member extrudes through a passage to the front of the barrel if repeated overdriving of the piston occurs thereby providing a visual indication of such condition existing. In addition, a novel clamping arrangement is disclosed for retaining the return dog for the piston in the barrel housing.