Abstract: An optical component (7) is disclosed in which the frequency of electromagnetic radiation is increased and which comprises a non-linear optical waveguide (11 ) which is provided on a supporting material (9). The field distributions of the fundamental wave and the frequency-increased wave can be made to overlap by providing a satellite layer (15) having a high refractive index on at least one side of the non-linear optical waveguide (11), so that the efficiency of the frequency is high. The invention also relates to an optoelectronic element (1) for increasing the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, comprising a frequency-increasing element in the form of such a component (7).

Abstract: A bearing arrangement (15), in particular for a device (1) with a rotatable disc or a magnetic-tape apparatus (101) has a shaft (19) which is connected to an auxiliary member (23) via a hinge (21). The shaft (19) is radially supported and the auxiliary member (23) is axially supported. As a result of the connection via a hinge (21) the auxiliary member (23) can align itself without the alignment of the shaft (19) being influenced, so that the requirement imposed on the accuracy of the bearing surfaces of the shaft (19) relative to the bearing surfaces of the auxiliary member (23) can be less stringent.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for a magnetic-tape cassette (2) having a movable shutter (16) for closing at least one access opening (10, 11, 12) in a side wall (6) of the cassette (2) comprises a cassette holder (25) for receiving the cassette (2) and an actuating device (77) for moving the shutter (16) of the cassette (2). The apparatus (1) has a movable cassette hold-down device (60) which comprises a hold-down support (66) which at least partly covers the upper wall (4) of the cassette (2), and the actuating device (77) is movably supported on the hold-down support (66).

Abstract: A magnetic-tape-cassette apparatus constructed for play and fast winding operation with a first and an opposite second tape transport direction, for which purpose there are provided, in addition to a first and a second reel disc (12a, 12b) for the magnetic tape, which can be driven selectively by a reel-drive mechanism (09), a first and a second capstan (3) which can be driven in opposite directions of rotation, the reel-drive mechanism (09) comprising in the transmission path between a unidirectional motor (23) and the reel discs (12a, 12b) a play coupling which is driven by the motor (23) and which comprises a primary coupling wheel (9) and a secondary coupling wheel (10), the secondary coupling wheel (10) driving the forward reel disc (12a) in the forward play direction via a pivotal mechanism (16, 17) which is pivotable supported on a switching lever (29), and the secondary coupling wheel (10), which is constantly in mesh with a reversing wheel (15), driving the reverse reel disc (12b) for the reverse win

Abstract: A blue-green II/VI semiconductor injection laser utilizing a Zn.sub.1-u Cd.sub.u Se active layer (quantum well) having Zn.sub.1-x Mg.sub.x S.sub.y Se.sub.1-y cladding layers and ZnS.sub.z Se.sub.1-z guiding layers on a GaAs substrate. These devices are operable in a pulse mode at room temperature.

Abstract: Optoelectronic devices in which optoelectronic components comprising a diode laser are fastened on a carrier plate having good heat conduction, and in which the carrier plate is provided with connection conductors for the components which are separated from the carrier plate by an electrically insulating medium, are used inter alia in equipment for optical reading and/or writing of information carriers such as CD (audio) or CDROM. The known device is comparatively expensive, especially because of the necessity of using a special connector when a flexible connection is desired. According to the invention, the electrically insulating medium comprises a strip-shaped flexible foil which carries conductor tracks, extends over and beyond the carrier plate, is fastened on the carrier plate, and has a void above the carrier plate in which the diode laser is present.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pivoting device for a cover (7) by means of which an insertion opening (3) of a cassette holder of a magnetic-tape-cassette apparatus can be closed, which cover can be pivoted into an open position by a magnetic-tape cassette (5) during insertion thereof, in order to expose the insertion opening (3), after which it returns into its closed position, and which cover is again pivoted into the open position by the magnetic-tape cassette (5) during the outward movement thereof until the removal of the magnetic-tape cassette (5) from the cassette holder, the strip-shaped cover (7) being secured to a pivoting spindle (9) by one of its long edges (7b), which cassette holder can be lowered into a play position with the magnetic-tape cassette inserted.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) comprises at least one rotatable magnetic head (78, 79) for recording and reproducing signals on/from a magnetic tape (24) accommodated in a cassette (2), a cassette holder (10), a tape-threading device (47) by means of which the magnetic tape (24) can be brought into scanning contact with the magnetic head (78, 79), and a head-cleaning device (61), which comprises an actuating member (62). In this apparatus the actuating member (62) of the head-cleaning device (61) is arranged and constructed to project into the path of movement of the unit formed by the cassette holder (10) and a cassette (2) which may have been inserted therein.

Abstract: A device for electrical connection of a cable provided with an electrically conductive core to a printed circuit secured in a case, using a tubular member which is longitudinally subdivided into several limbs wherebetween the conductive core of the cable passes, which tubular member is provided with a thread so as to screw thereon a threaded cap provided with a stud-like member which bears on the conductive core of the cable. In accordance with the invention, the printed circuit is provided with orifices to allow passage of the limbs of the tubular member, said orifices forming between themselves a bridge which extends between the limbs of the tubular member and on which there is provided at least one conductive track onto which said stud-like member presses the core of the cable.

Abstract: The electrodeless low pressure sodium vapour discharge lamp which has a discharge vessel (1) containing sodium vapour and inert gas. The discharge vessel (1) has an enveloping part (10) and connected therewith at a first end of the discharge vessel (1) a sunken part (20). In the sunken part (20) is a body (30) of soft-magnetic material which is surrounded by an electric coil (31). The discharge vessel (1) is enclosed in an outer bulb (40). The inner surface (2) of the discharge vessel (1) has a layer (4) of borate glass. The borate glass which covers the sunken part (20), is sintered. The invention renders it possible to make parts of construction glass which have a layer of borate glass at an outer surface.

Abstract: The height of a surface (21) is determined by measuring the position of a radiation spot (11) located on the surface (21). The radiation spot (11) is formed by a narrow incident beam (10). Radiation reflected in the radiation spot (11) is projected on two position-sensitive radiation detection systems (41, 42). The detection systems (41, 42) are arranged at a different optical distance from the radiation spot (11). With the aid of a partially transparent mirror (3), or in a different manner, it is ensured that the intensity distribution on the detection systems (41, 42) is uniform. A line (G) through the radiation spot (11) is constructed by determining the same characteristic point (G.sub.I, G.sub.II), for example, the point of gravity in the intensity distributions at different optical distances from the radiation spot (11). The height of the spot (11) and hence of the surface (21) is determined by means of this line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an opto-electronic coupler comprising an optical transmitter and an optical receiver which are secured to separate connection conductors and which are electrically connected to one or more connection conductors via contact wires, the transmitter, the receiver, the contact wires and parts of the connection conductors being embedded in a primary, enveloping body, and said primary enveloping body being embedded in a secondary, non-transparent enveloping body. Couplers having a high breakdown voltage and a low percentage of rejects are obtained if the interface between the primary enveloping body and the secondary enveloping body comprises at least one zone in which the primary and the secondary enveloping bodies are adhesively interconnected, and if the interface also comprises at least one zone in which the primary and the secondary enveloping bodies are interconnected in a non-adhesive manner.

Abstract: An optical coherent receiver including apparatus for preventing radiation from the local oscillator (40) from being reflected in the transmission fibre (10). As a result this radiation, after reflection on imperfect couplings (11, 12, 13) in the transmission fibre, is prevented from reaching the receiver again and from detrimentally influencing the received signal. Reflection of local oscillator radiation is prevented by obliquely polishing entrance and exit faces of fibres (51, 52, 61, 62), by providing anti-reflection coatings (50', 60', 53', 54', 63', 64') on the appropriate faces and by arranging an optical isolator behind the input (20) of the coherent receiver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp (2) provided with a discharge vessel (3) with a ceramic wall (3a) and provided with a bimetal element (11) which rests against the discharge vessel wall in the cold state of the lamp, and which is removed from the discharge vessel wall during lamp operation. The discharge vessel is surrounded by an outer bulb (30) with intervening space (6), in which space a solid-state getter (15) is provided. According to the invention, the solid-state getter is provided on the bimetal element.

Abstract: A pocket dictation machine (1), which is held in one hand in its dictation-recording mode and whose functions required in this mode can be started by a control member (23, 25), can also be operated in a second mode for the transcription of dictations, in which the functions required for this second mode can be started by remote control by a suitable control device (29) instead of by the control member.

Abstract: An inner vessel having a truncated triangular volume is spaced from an outer housing of similar shape to form a chamber therebetween. A thermally conductive strap is connected at one end to the vessel at its other end to a cold finger tube extending into the chamber. The vessel contains liquid nitrogen and is secured in spaced relationship from the outer housing by a fiberglass liquid nitrogen fill tube. An electronic assembly for processing signals generated by the detector cooled by the cold finger are aligned with the cold finger external the dewar housing. The dewar accommodates entry port angles between zero and 60.degree. for different microscopes without physical interference with the microscope housing and attachments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of providing a pseudoplastic paste on a substrate surface by dipping. The paste is provided in the form of a layer on a wire gauze, the layer thickness being adjusted to a desired value by means of a squeegee and a spacer. The paste layer is wiped off at the bottom side of the gauze by means of a squeegee. Subsequently, a substrate with the substrate surface to be covered is dipped in the paste layer up to the gauze and is removed again before the paste can flow over the parts of the substrate which are not to be covered. The method can be used, for example, to provide a ceramic multilayer actuator having piezoelectric layers 20 and inner electrodes 21 with end contacts 22, in such a manner that the end contacts fully cover the end faces of the actuator and that the side faces of the actuator are substantially completely left free by the end contacts.

Abstract: The invention is directed to method for making a dielectrically isolated metal base transistors and permeable base transistors. The first step is the production of a silicon/metal silicide/silicon heterostructure. Thereafter the surface of the heterostructure is oxidized so as to provide a bonding surface. A second silicon substrate has its surface oxidized and is bonded to the heterostructure. The surface of the heterostructure is then etched back so as to expose individual transistors which are disposed on the oxidized surface of the second substrate. With suitable processing of the metal silicide layer it may act as the base region for a metal base or permeable base transistor.

Abstract: A charged particle beam system utilizes a box-shaped cooling member accommodating the lens in order to cool the particle-optical lenses. The cooling medium is circulated between the wall of the lens and the wall of the cooling member, enabling a high transfer of heat by convection. By using a cooling liquid which is undersaturated for air and which is heated prior to its passage through the cooling duct, accumulation of air due to heating can be prevented in the cooling member.

Abstract: A strain-gauge transducer comprises a strain gauge enclosed between pressure members which deform the strain gauge, the strain gauge comprising a plate-shaped substrate provided with strain-detection elements. At least one spring having a flexibility larger than that of the substrate is arranged between the strain gauge and at least one of the pressure members, said substrate and said spring being in contact with one another so as to be jointly subjected to deformations. The spring may be a blade spring, a helical spring, or a cylindrical buffer spring. The excursions of the pressure members can be limited by means of stops. In the case of a blade spring the contact between the substrate and the spring can be controlled by giving the substrate a toothed shape or by providing it with contact elements.