Abstract: Soluble, film-forming, polyamides, polyimides, and polyamide-imides and their copolymers made using 3,5-diamino-t-butylbenzene are described. These polymers have some solubility in organic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, a high Tg, excellent thermal stability, lower density and lower moisture uptake and are useful in films, fibers and composites, and in the electronics industry as electrical component substrates, protective coatings, interlevel dielectrics and the like.

Abstract: Catalyst and process are disclosed for preparation of alpha, beta-unsaturated acids. Catalyst comprises a silica component and a Group IA alkali metal component which is present in an amount of from 200 to 15,000 parts per million, said silica component containing less than about 500 parts per million individually of aluminum, zirconium, titanium, iron and mixtures thereof. Process comprises reacting formaldehyde and a carboxylic acid of the formula RHC.sub.2 COOH wherein R is a member of the class consisting of --H, -alkyl, -aryl, -aralkyl, -cycloalkyl, and -alkylaryl radicals in the presence of said catalyst. Catalyst activity is maintained during process by addition of source of alkali metal component.

Abstract: Dispersants containing basic amine groups are passivated toward fluorohydrocarbon compositions by reaction with a passivating amount of a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride.

Abstract: A process, apparatus, and associated controls are provided in a system for loading bulk material into a flexible, collapsed container from an overhead storage bin. The container can be positioned on a scale in the loading station. A discharge conduit from the bin is connected to a discharge spout which is movable into communication with the container. An exhaust conduit from a dust collection system is connected to an exhaust spout which is also movable into communication with the container. The discharge and exhaust spouts are mounted on a carriage movable on a platform toward and away from the container. The platform is movable transversely of the container between a loading position behind the container and a retracted position which accommodates movement of the container therepast. A line is provided for supplying inert gas to the discharge spout. Valves are provided on the exhaust conduit, discharge conduit, and inert gas line for controlling the flows through the conduits.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the liquid-phase oxidation of a di- (mono- or poly-)alkylaryl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt, manganese and bromine components to a di- (mono- or poly-)carboxyaryl ether.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carbonate overbased calcium sulfonate, which method comprises the steps of:(1) forming an initial mixture of a lower molecular weight alkanol, an alkyl or alkaryl substituted sulfonic acid or sulfonate compound, a diluent and a solvent; (2) adding a basic calcium compound to the initial mixture to form a second mixture in which the amount of added calcium is at least about ten times the amount necessary to form a neutral calcium sulfonate; (3) heating the second mixture to reflux temperature; (4) carbonating the second mixture at said reflux temperature to form a carbonated product while simultaneously and continuously removing water produced by the carbonation reaction; (5) after carbonation is stopped, heating the carbonated product to an elevated temperature sufficient to remove the alkanol; and (6) removing solids and solvent from the carbonated product.

Abstract: An efficient, compact source of coherent radiation in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet portion of the spectrum which is capable of modulation rates over the range from 0 Hz to in excess of 1 GHz. The radiation is produced by optical mixing within the optical cavity of a laser by introducing input radiation into the optical cavity where: (a) the cavity is that of a diode-pumped solid state laser, and/or (b) input radiation is provided by a solid state device selected from the group consisting of laser diodes, laser diode arrays and diode-pumped solid state lasers.

Abstract: The method of improving the stiffness of a polystyrene foam cup having a generally closed cell foam sidewall and bottom and a solid plastic film coating on at least the outer surface thereof comprising placing said cup around a heated mandrel, said mandrel having an outside diameter sufficiently less than an inside diameter of said cup to allow the cup sidewall to expand, at a temperature and for a time sufficient to expand the sidewall.

Abstract: An attachment for supersonic thermal spray equipment by which inert shield gas is directed radially outwardly about the central core of a supersonic, particle-carrying flame to isolate the same from ambient atmosphere. The shield gas is injected tangentially against the inner surface of a constraining tube attached to and extending from the discharge end of the thermal spray gun nozzle, causing the shield gas to assume a helical flow path which persists until after it exits the tube and impacts the work piece. A process using the shielding apparatus with a high-velocity, thermal spray gun and employing oxygen and hydrogen as gases of combustion and inert gas to introduce metal powder, having a narrow particle size distribution and low oxygen content, into the high-velocity combustion gases, produces significantly improved, high-density, low-oxide metal coatings on a substrate.

Abstract: A method for the continuous, catalytic production of an aromatic carboxylic acid product by liquid-phase, exothermic oxidaion of an aromatic alkyl with an oxygen-containing gas and a solvent medium in an oxidation reactor and utilizing reverse osmosis is disclosed. In particular, a multiple ingredient or component-containing slurry product stream is withdrawn from the reactor, the slurry product stream is then separated to produce a product-containing stream and at least one mother liquor stream which contains, in addition to a number of desirable process stream components, such as oxidation reaction catalysts, a number of undesirable process stream impurities. The impurities are selectively removed from the mother liquor stream by passing at least a portion of the mother liquor stream through a reverse osmosis separation device to produce a catalyst-bearing stream having a relatively lesser impurities-to-catalyst weight ratio and a purge stream having a relatively greater impurities-to-catalyst weight ratio.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing a polycarboxylic acid product is disclosed. The process comprises combining a methyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, an oxidation catalyst, and an oxygen-containing gaseous stream in a reaction zone to produce a reaction mixture. The oxygen-containing gaseous stream includes non-condensible gases. The reaction mixture in the reaction zone is subjected to a predetermined temperature and pressure for a predetermined residence time to produce an admixture of reactants and reaction products. The reaction products include a vapor phase and a product-containing liquid phase. Heat is removed from the product-containing liquid phase by withdrawing a portion of such liquid stream from the reaction zone and passing such reaction zone-removed portion to a heat-removal/separation zone.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of polycarboxylic acids is disclosed. In this novel process, antimony is used to improve the selectivity of cobalt-manganese-bromine or zirconium-cobalt-manganese-bromine oxidation system. Polymethylbenzenes such as pseudocumene are converted to their corresponding polycarboxylic acids which are used to manufacture plasticizers and polyamide-imide polymers used as molding compounds for replacement of metals.

Abstract: A process for incorporating molybdenum into overbased alkaline earth metal and alkali metal sulfonates, phenates and salicylates. The incorporation is a post addition of molybdenum into a previously prepared overbased composition. The resulting composition containing molybdenum is gel-free, haze-free, precipitate-free, has a reproducible Total Base Number (TBN) and is commercially acceptable for use in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: An improved coking process is described wherein a feedstock comprising residual oil is passed into a coking zone along with a highly aromatic oil such as pyrolysis tars or a decanted oil produced from a fluidized catalytic cracking zone in a concentration resulting in the feedstock having froma bout 5 to about 20 percent by weight of highly aromatic oil. The yield of coke is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A paraffin isomerization zone is described wherein an improvement to the process comprises using a preflash tower in connection with stabilizer and de-isohexanizer towers to efficiently separate the isomerization zone effluent into valuable components having higher octane values and a recycle material which can be reintroduced along with a fresh feed into the isomerization zone reactor.

Abstract: A vapor collector and process utilizes a skirted pan to collect vapor in an ebullated bed reactor and substantially minimize gas entrainment so as to enhance the efficiency and yield of resid hydrotreating.

Abstract: Binding assay methods involving determining the presence of analytes in samples through enzymatic formation of detectable substances in amounts related to the amount of analyte present in the sample and monitoring for the presence of the substances in distinct phases. Methods according to the invention include use of labelled materials which associate with the analyte to be determined or compete with the analyte for association with an added binder. The labelled materials employed include label portions which enzymatically form substances from substrates provided in or existing as a first phase, or, upon enzymatic treatment in a first phase, disassociate into substances capable of existing in or as a second distinct phase. Formation of the detectable substances is monitored by determining the transfer of the substance to a second distinct phase in contact with the first phase or by determining formation of a second distinct phase.