Abstract: A long-lived electrode is produced, for use in the electrowinning of metals, by electrodepositing a coating onto the electrode substrate. The coating has a uniform grain size and structure which is controlled by superimposing alternating current onto direct current during electrodeposition.

Abstract: Hydrosulfides of sodium, potassium, calcium, barium and strontium are prepared by reaction of the oxide or hydroxide of the metal with sulfur in aqueous medium at elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing calcium sulfate scale deposits from surfaces, such as reverse osmosis membranes and electrodialysis stacks, wherein the surface to be cleaned is contacted by an aqueous solution comprising a chelating agent, a soluble carbonate and a fluorocarbon surfactant.

Abstract: Nickel, cobalt and manganese are recovered from deep sea nodules by leaching with sulfurous acid. In addition, selective extraction of nickel and cobalt from copper is achieved by suitable adjustment of process variables such as leaching time and volume and concentration of acid.

Abstract: A method for the production of a rare-earth-silicon alloy useful as an additive in the production of various ferrous metals. The process comprises the bringing together and reaction of one or more rare-earth metal compounds, an elemental silicon source and an elemental aluminum source in the presence of calcium oxide. High recoveries of the rare-earth metals are found, little rare-earth metal being lost to the slag produced from the reaction.

Abstract: A conventional electric arc furnace is provided with an outlet in a sidewall of the furnace, the inner and outer ends of which are positioned such that the outer end of the outlet is higher than the inner end of the outlet. The outer end of the outlet communicates directly with a graphite electrode having a hollow interior leading from the sidewall of the electric arc furnace to an electroslag furnace positioned below the electric arc furnace. After an initial charge of ore in the electric arc furnace is brought to the molten state with the slag floating on top of the molten metal, the level of molten metal is maintained above the inner end of the slanted outlet and caused to flow through the slanted outlet and hollow graphite electrode to the electroslag furnace. In the electroslag furnace, the molten metal solidifies on a movable base plate positioned at the bottom of the furnace which is slowly withdrawn out of the bottom of the electroslag furnace, thereby continuously forming the desired steel ingot.

Abstract: A process for removing impurities from an oxide of titanium-bearing material such as a titania slag by treating the material with SO.sub.3 gas and subsequently leaching with a liquid. In particular a process for upgrading an ilmenite ore by preparing a titania slag therefrom and purifying the slag such that it may be used as a synthetic rutile suitable for use in a fluidized-bed chlorination reactor to produce titanium tetrachloride which can be reoxidized to TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering metals from metal-containing slags such as iron-copper slags from copper smelting furnaces and iron-nickel slags produced in smelting nickel-bearing ores. The molten slag is fed to an electric-arc furnace wherein a molten metal bath is formed. A carbon injection unit, including an injector tube which is inserted into the furnace, is used to inject carbon into the bottom of the molten metal bath. A flux, such as CaO, is also fed, as needed, to the bath. After reduction, the metal product is tapped from the furnace.

Abstract: An adsorbent composition comprising powdered charcoal on a support of polyurethane foam, and its use for separation of polynuclear aromatic compounds from mixtures containing them.

Abstract: Alumina is recovered from aluminum sulfate leach liquors by treatment of the liquor with HCl gas to the point of incipient crystallization of AlCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O, extraction of the resulting solution with a tertiary amine to remove iron, further treatment with HHl gas to precipitate AlCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O and roasting of the AlCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A hydrated metal salt is dehydrated to its anhydrous form by dissolving the metal salt hydrate in an organic solvent; and contacting the solvent solution of metal salt hydrate with a molecular sieve of a pore size sufficient to permit the absorption of water molecules but of a size too small to absorb solvent molecules.

Abstract: A method for electrolytic deposition of metals, particularly zinc, in which the tendency for the cathode to be attacked in the immediate vicinity of the solution level is eliminated or greatly reduced by positioning a barrier structure in the cell assembly in a manner such that it extends from slightly above to slightly below the level of the solution in the cell. The barrier, which may be of any material resistant to attack by the electrolytic solution, prevents the migration of the oxygen at the solution level and thus protects the cathode from solution level attack.

Abstract: An adsorbent composition comprising powdered charcoal on a support of polyurethane foam, and its use for separation of polynuclear aromatic compounds from mixtures containing them.

Abstract: Thin film absorber stacks consisting of an absorptive film of titanium, zirconium or hafnium suboxide, subcarbide or subnitride superposed on a reflective film of silver, aluminum or copper display spectrally selective characteristics. The absorptive film may be prepared by reactively sputtering the metal or the metal carbide in argon or other inert gas with small amounts of gas containing carbon, oxygen or nitrogen or their combinations, or by reaction of the metal film in air or other gas.

Abstract: Uranium is recovered from refractory carbonaceous-sulfidic ores or concentrates by leaching with nitric acid, followed by sorption on an ion exchange resin. In addition, the nitric acid leach solution is regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: A grouting cartridge is described for placing in a hole of a support structure. The cartridge is capable of rapidly forming a solid grout about an anchor element where the anchor element is thrust into the hole. The cartridge comprises a frangible outer tubular casing fabricated of plastic or the like and containing a uniform mixture of a water-hardenable cement and a multitude of frangible microcapsules which hold droplets of water. One or more of these cartridges is placed in the borehole, and the anchor element in a one-step operation is inserted therein, and preferably rotated, to pierce the casing and rupture the microcapsules to uniformly wet the cement to form a cement paste. The cement paste under the pressure of the anchor element flows into intimate contact with the hole wall of the support structure and into intimate contact with the surfaces of the anchor element.

Abstract: Alumina monohydrate is produced by leaching calcined clay and subjecting the leach liquor to pressure hydrolysis wherein the vapor and heat resulting from the pressure hydrolysis are directly utilized for leaching of the calcined clay. The aluminum monohydrate may be roasted to yield alumina.

Abstract: An electrolytic refining process for recovering silver, copper and stainless steel from stainless steel honey comb sections from military aircraft brazed with a silver based brazing compound, the brazed sections comprising 5 to 30 weight percent silver and 2 to 15 weight percent copper, the balance comprising stainless steel.

Abstract: A massive shaped catalyst comprising a nickel-aluminum alloy having a surface layer of high surface area nickel.

Abstract: A strengthened creep resistant ferritic iron alloy is provided by alloying the iron with two or more alloying metals of the type that form an intermediate Laves phase in the alloy having the composition Fe.sub.2 X, where X is the alloying metal. One of the alloying metals comprises one to five weight percent of tantalum and/or columbium while the other metal comprises one to eight weight percent of molybdenum and/or tungsten. The total of the Laves phase forming alloying metals is no more than ten weight percent in excess of that necessary to react with interstitial elements that may be added to the alloy.