Abstract: A water-flood surfactant and the method of making it which comprises the steps of mixing, in a reactor, sodium hydroxide with a sulfonated natural petroleum crude, the sodium hydroxide being in excess of the amount required to convert the sulfonate to phenol and sufficient to convert a portion of the phenol to sodium phenolate; heating the mixture while stirring to about 319.degree. C. for a period of about one hour; passing a current of inert gas through the top of the reactor during the heating step; cooling the mixture to a temperature of approximately 200.degree. C. while continuing to pass an inert gas through the top of the reactor; and passing ethylene oxide gas through the mixture in the reactor while maintaining the temperature in the reactor between 200.degree. C. and 220.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved cutting tooth for a circular saw of the type commonly used to cut the bark off raw logs comprising a crescent shaped steel bit and a wedge shaped cutting tip affixed to an upper portion of the bit wherein the cutting tip is composed of a high impact resistant carbide alloy consisting essentially of a blend of 83.5% tungsten carbide, 16% cobalt and 0.5% tantalum carbide.

Abstract: A spare tire locking device for truck-trailer wheels and the like vehicles and for use in association with a conventional tire carrier mounted on the underside of the vehicle, comprising a generally gull-shaped member having a pair of upper and outwardly extending horizontal arms adapted to overlie the rim portion only of the wheel, a lower flat central portion connecting with the inner ends of the horizontal arms through a pair of upright members, a stud projecting downwardly from each horizontal arm, the studs being receivable in diametrically opposite bolt holes in the rim for bolting the gull-shaped member against the rim with the central portion and upright member being received in the pre-existing central opening in the rim, a hollow cylinder attached to the upper surface of the flat central portion, a smaller cylindrical tube attached to the upperside of the flat central portion in concentric relation with the cylinder and communicating with the cylinder through a hole in the central portion, and a T-b

Abstract: A welding system for welding a new stud onto the end of a broken-off stud which comprises a welding gun having a forward end and a rear end, the forward end of the gun supporting a new stud to be welded to the end of a broken-off stud, the new stud being threaded at least along a rear portion thereof, a shroud mounted at the forward end of the gun and surrounding the new stud, the forward end of the new stud projecting outwardly from the gun into the shroud, the new stud having a longitudinal bore extending from the rear end thereof to a location adjacent to the forward end thereof where the bore flares outwardly to a larger bore at the forward end of the new stud, the new stud also being provided with slots at the forward end diametrically opposite from each other and in the region of the enlarged bore, a coated welding rod supported by the gun and extending from a location adjacent the rear of the gun through the bore in the new stud and to a point adjacent the forward end of the new stud, the welding rod h

Abstract: A finned tube support for coat hangers comprising a hollow plastic tube of sufficient length and sufficient internal diameter to slip over a closet rod of the type normally employed for holding hangers thereon in a closet, the plastic tube having a wall thickness of between about 1/32 and 1/16 inch, a plurality of circular plastic disks mounted in spaced parallel relation on the tube and at right angles to the longitudinal central axis of the tube, the disks having an axial thickness of about 1/16 of an inch and a central opening equal to the outer diameter of the tube, the disk having an outer diameter equal to about 2 and 1/2 inches, the center-to-center spacing from one disk to the next adjacent disk being equal to about 1/2 inch.

Abstract: A purge control system providing a non-hazardous environment within an electronics enclosure comprises a purge air box housing non-electrical components having fluid communication lines between them. An outlet supplies inert gas under pressure from a supply to the enclosure and an inlet receives inert gas under pressure from the enclosure.

Abstract: A manually operated hydraulic pump having been modified to break the circumferential bead of a pneumatic tire from a wheel rim, the hydraulic pump including a pump unit and a horizontally disposed cylinder having an internal piston rod, the pump unit being provided with a pivotal actuator wherein pivoting the actuator upwardly and downwardly urges the piston rod outwardly from the cylinder; the cylinder being provided with threads on its end being threadedly received in a barrel, the barrel including a wedge for inserting between the wheel rim and the sidewall of the tire, a locking member for securing the pump onto the wheel rim, the wedge comprising a stationary horseshoe-shaped plate surrounding a ram which is affixed to the end of the piston rod; whereby urging the piston rod outwardly from the cylinder presses the ram into the tire thereby breaking its bead.

Abstract: A method of applying a filled thermosetting resin flooring material to an essentially horizontal substrate to produce a non-porous protective coating which involves compounding a mixture of a thermosetting resin with an aggregate, the mixture using a low level of 50 to 75% aggregate by weight; the aggregate being a graded aggregate that will produce maximum packing and having a specific gravity of over 2.0; the thermosetting resin having a room temperature cure and a viscosity less than 1500 cps; spreading or troweling the mixture on the substrate producing a resin rich layer upon setting; and broadcasting onto the resin rich layer an aggregate having a specific gravity of over 2.0, thereby producing a finished flooring material containing 76 to 82% filler by weight.

Abstract: A food cooking and heating cabinet including a food holding oven having at least one door for access to the interior thereof, an air heating chamber having an inlet and an outlet, an air heating element within the air heating chamber, an intake passageway to conduct heated air from the outlet of the air heating chamber to the food holding oven, an exhaust passageway to conduct air from the food holding oven to the inlet of the air heating chamber, an air temperature sensor within the air heating chamber, a closed air convection system consisting of a variable speed blower in the air heating chamber for circulating air past the heating element, through the intake passageway, through the food holding oven, through the exhaust passageway and back to the air heating chamber, a control for selecting a desired temperature to be maintained in the food holding oven, and a circuit for comparing the sensed temperature to the selected temperature causing the air heating element to operate and the speed of the blower to

Abstract: An exercise apparatus that simulates stair-climbing for a user. The apparatus includes a frame having a base, and a plate on the frame perpendicular to the base. A right pedal and a left pedal are on opposite sides of the plate. A drive system assembly on the plate has a right pedal sprocket, a left pedal sprocket, and a drive sprocket, wherein the right sprocket or left sprocket turn the drive sprocket in one direction only and the right and left sprockets are free to overrun in the opposite direction. The right pedal oscillates between an upper position at rest and a lower, rearward position under the weight of the user and drivingly engages the right pedal sprocket. The left pedal, operating independently of the right pedal, oscillates between an upper position at rest and a lower, rearward position under the weight of the user and drivingly engages the left pedal sprocket. A speed increasing transmission has an input and an output.

Abstract: A deactivator for an automobile electric switch having a depressable, spring button projecting from a sleeve which extends through an opening provided in an automobile door frame and a nut mounted on the sleeve. The deactivator includes a pair of resilient pincer arms, each arm having a first end and a second end opposite from the first end whereby the first ends are spaced from each other and the second ends extend convergingly. Teeth are provided on the pincer arms near the second ends. A cross bar connects the first ends of the pincer arms. A pair of handles substantially parallel to the pincer arms are connected to the pincer arms near the second ends. A thumbscrew is threadably received in a circular opening provided in the cross bar.

Abstract: A protective gate adapted to be installed within a freight container such as a truck trailer for protection of the container and its freight from damage during transit wherein the container includes a floor, two opposite side walls, and a rear door for receiving the freight to be transported. The protective gate comprises a rigid plate having top, bottom and side edges wherein the plate is spaced inwardly from the rear door of the freight container, hinges to connect the bottom edge of the plate to the container floor to allow movement of the plate from a position in a plane horizontal to the floor into a position perpendicular to the floor, and a coupling to allow the side edges of the plate to be secured to the container side walls so that the plate is in a position perpendicular to the container floor, thereby preventing movement of the gate relative to the container.

Abstract: A treadmill exerciser involving an upwardly and rearwardly sloping treadmill having a plurality of steps which are activated by the weight of a person "walking" up them. The tread portion and the riser portion of each step are connected at both ends by hinges to each other and to endless chains which permit the steps to move or fold around end sprockets as the steps move from an upper inclined course of the chains to a lower inclined return course, and vice versa. A speed control mechanism, driven by one of the chains, employs a gyroscopic flywheel which cooperates with a non-rotatable but axially slidable brake drum to provide even, continuous step movement and a controlled start-up. The flywheel drives a plastic cylinder composed of plastic fingers which fly out, under centrifugal force, into contact with the inner surface of the brake drum thus preventing further increased speed for the user.

Abstract: A tool for opening the ends of cans or metal containers which are used to store and ship welding rods or electrodes, the can having four elongated rectangular sides closed over by two opposite ends which are attached to the sides by beads; the tool being made from a relatively thin sheet of metal and having a forward flat triangular shaped portion terminating in a forward point, a pair of spaced legs extending rearwardly away from the triangular shaped portion and away from the point, a handle connected to the outer ends of the legs, a portion of the trianglular shaped section between the point and the handle being bent upwardly at right angles to form a protective shield for the operator of the tool, whereby the tool can be applied to the can adjacent one of the ends so that the point is just behind the bead, the triangular portion of the tool being wider than one of the sides of the can such that it can be pushed entirely into the side so as to cut the corners of the can adjacent the side being cut.

Abstract: A fluid deflection shield assembly for use with an oil well pump having a polished rod reciprocating within a stuffing box and providing a fluid-tight seal entirely around the stuffing box and the polished rod whereby the fluid deflection shield assembly may be attached or removed without interrupting the operation of the oil well. The fluid deflection shield assembly includes a bottom pan having a hole to receive the stuffing box, a gasket between the bottom pan and the stuffing box, a conical shell adapted to surround the stuffing box, a seal in the top of the conical shell between the conical shell and the reciprocating polished rod, clamps connecting the base of the conical shell and the bottom pan, and lubricating means in the conical shell to lubricate the polished rod.

Abstract: A rotary valve internal combustion engine including a cylinder block having a cylindrical recess, a cylindrical bore transverse to the cylindrical recess, an exhaust passageway leading from the cylindrical bore, and an intake passageway leading to the cylindrical bore. A cylindrical piston sealably reciprocates in the cylindrical recess so that the space defined by the top of the piston and the walls of the cylindrical recess forms a combustion chamber. An arcuate passageway in the block extends between the cylindrical bore and the combustion chamber. A crankshaft is connected to the piston. An ignition system is in communication with the combustion chamber. A carburetor to provide a fuel-air mixture is in communication with the intake passageway.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a decorative panel of molded plastic comprising the steps of constructing a form having a detailed masonry surface; covering the detailed surface with a mold release material; applying a thin layer of gel coat over the mold release; applying a plurality of layers of fiberglass matte and resin over the gel coat layer; allowing the plurality of fiberglass matte and resin layers to harden thereby forming a heat resistant mold having a female side being formed against the detailed surface and a side opposite from the female side; removing the mold from the form; perforating the mold thereby providing fluid communication between the two sides; connecting a vacuum apparatus to the side opposite of the mold; placing a sheet of high impact plastic above and adjacent the female side of the mold; activating a heater thereby heating the plastic sheet to a pliable state; activating the vacuum apparatus thereby drawing the plastic sheet into the female side of the mold; and removing the forme

Abstract: A system for determining the bend in a section of a pipe which comprises supporting the pipe section on a conventional pipe bending apparatus which consists essentially of a device for holding the pipe section in a relatively horizontal position, for maintaining a first end of the pipe section in a relatively fixed position and for exerting a transverse force against a second and opposite end of the pipe section for creating a bend in the pipe section between the two ends thereof; mounting a first transducer on the first end of the pipe section, the first transducer providing a variable voltage depending upon the angle of the first end of the pipe section relative to the horizontal, mounting a second transducer on the second end of the pipe section, the second transducer providing a variable voltage depending upon the angle of the second end of the pipe section relative to the horizontal, exerting a bending force at the second end of the pipe section to create a bend in the pipe section between the two ends t

Abstract: A device for punching holes in a surveyor's chain and in metal pieces used for repairing the chain and for riveting together the punched chain and metal pieces comprising an elongated vertical housing having an elongated vertically oriented opening extending transversely therethrough and defined by a continuous wall, an upper vertical bore extending from the top of the housing into the vertical opening, a lower female die element received in the lower portion of the opening and having a flat horizontally extending recess therein whose width is equal to that of the chain to be repaired, the female die element also including a pair of spaced holes located on the flat recess, an upper male die member received in the upper portion of the opening and vertically slidable therein, the male die member having a pair of punching rods projecting downwardly, an arbor shaft having a threaded portion received in a threaded portion of the upper bore, a handle for rotating the arbor shaft, the arbor shaft having a lower port