Abstract: A pulverized coal-air stream or auxiliary air stream discharging into a furnace (1) from a delivery pipe (12) is deflected away from the longitudinal axis of the delivery pipe by directing a working fluid stream, preferably air or flue gas, against the coal-air or auxiliary air stream as it approaches the outlet of the delivery pipe so as to impinge thereagainst at an angle of substantially ninety degrees. The resulting angle of deflection of the coal-air or auxiliary air stream away from its longitudinal axis is controlled by varying the momentum of the working fluid stream impinged against it.

Abstract: An element basket assembly (30) for a rotary regenerative heat exchanger (2) comprised of a plurality of heat transfer element plates (32) stacked in an array between first and second end plates (34,36) disposed at opposite ends of the stacked array of heat transfer element plates (32). First and second side straps (40,50) run along opposite sides of the stacked array of heat transfer element plates, to interconnect the first and second end plates (34,36) to form the element basket housing the heat transfer element plates. The first side strap (40) is disposed to extend diagonally from a higher location on the first end plate (34) to a location on the second end plate (36), while the second side strap (50) is disposed on the opposite side of the stacked array to extend diagonally from a lower location on the first end plate (34) to a higher location on the second end plate (36), that is diagonally opposite to the first side strap (40).

Abstract: A tubular recuperative heat exchanger (10) is adapted for transferring heat from a hot gas stream having a temperature of 1200 F. flowing over the outside surface of the heat exchange tubes (12) to a cold gas stream flowing therethrough. A turbulator (22) is disposed within each heat exchange tube (12) to improve convective heat exchange. The turbulator (22) is coated with a material having a higher absorptivity than that of the underlying surface of the turbulator. Further, the inside surface (24) of the heat exchange tubes (12) may be coated with a material having a higher emissivity than that of the underlying inside surface of the heat exchange tubes.

Abstract: An arrangement for compressing together a bundle of laterally abutting heat absorbent element sheets (14) in an element basket (32) for a rotary regenerative heat exchanger. Spring action loading plates (28) formed with arcuate ridges (30) are compressed against the end sheet of the element bundle. The arcuate ridges (30) of each loading plate (28) are arranged transverse to the flow of fluid through the basket of element (14) sheets in order that pressure may be applied evenly to all sections of the element sheets holding them in a uniformly tight relationship.

Abstract: Sheets (10a,10b) of heat transfer element (12) for stacking in an element basket (50) of a rotary regenerative heat exchange are cut in such a manner that the spacing notches (24) formed in the element sheets (10a,10b) cannot nest when the element sheets are arranged in juxtaposition within an element basket (50).

Abstract: A method for the cold start of a pulverized coal-fired furnace (10) without prior warm-up of the furnace wherein a supply of microfine pulverized coal (64) supplied from a micropulverizer (60) is combusted to generate a hot gas which is passed to a load-carrying mill (20) as the drying media for the coal pulverized therein. Pulverized coal entrained in the hot gas passes from the load-carrying mill to the load-carrying burner (18) of the furnace (10) and is ignited therein to produce a warm-up flame. A portion of the microfine pulverized coal (68) may also be admixed with the pulverized coal from the load carrying mill (20) to enhance the reactivity thereof. An additional portion (66) of the microfine pulverized coal may be used to fire a pilot igniter to ignite the pulverized coal supplied to the load-carrying burners (18) from the load-carrying mill (20).

Abstract: A recuperative tubular heat exchanger comprised of a plurality of tube-bundle heat exchange modules (20) stacked in a spaced array and interconnected by U-shaped, open-end header conduits (30) to form a serpentine flowpath through which a fluid to be heated is passed in heat exchange relationship with a heating fluid passing in cross flow over the tube bundle modules. The interconnected modules together with the header conduits form an integral assembly which is free to slide on support beams (26) so as to float within the housing (12) of the heat exchanger in response to the thermal deformation of the tube bundle modules.

Abstract: A pitot tube type apparatus (10) is specifically adapted for measuring fluid flow rate in a gas flow containing entrained liquid droplets. The probe (20) includes first and second probe means (22,24) which are interconnected through pressure transmitting lines (12,14) to a pressure differential indicator (16). The first probe means (22) has a total pressure sampling port (21) opening directly upstream into the gas flow. The second probe means (24) has a static pressure sampling port (25) opening normal to the gas flow at a location downstream of the total pressure sampling port (21). A flat plate (30) is mounted to the first probe means and extends therealong in the plane of the static pressure sampling port (25) to a point adjacent and downstream of the static pressure sampling port so as to cause the boundary layer to be established over the static pressure sampling port (25). The ports (21,25) are also sized to be substantially greater than the size of the liquid droplets entrained in the gas.

Abstract: An organoclay-antiozonant complex suitable for incorporating in rubber formulations as an additive to inhibit and retard ozone attack is formed by complexing a substituted paraphenylenediamine antiozonant with an organoclay having been produced by treating a smectite-containing clay with a quaternary amine. The organoclay-antiozonant complex is preferably incorporated into the rubber formulation by first mixing the prepared organoclay-antiozonant complex with a naphthenic oil and a polar solvent to form a paste which is then added to the rubber formulation.

Abstract: A fluidizing feed apparatus (20) for supplying particulate material to a fluidized bed furnace (12). A housing (22) defines a chamber which is divided by a perforated distribution plate (24) into a gas plenum (26) beneath the plate and a particulate fluidizing plenum (28) above the plate. Conveying gas is fed under pressure to the gas plenum to pass upwardly therefrom through the perforated distribution plate. The upwardly directed conveying gas fluidizes the particulate material so as to establish a discrete bed (60) of fluidized particulate material superadjacent the distribution plate (24) and a splash zone (70) thereabove. Transport conduits (14) open into the splash zone (70) at a selected distance above the surface (65) of the discrete bed (60) to receive particulate material and conveying gas therefrom for transport to the fluidized bed (16) of the furnace (12).

Abstract: An improved nozzle tip (10) for a burner on a pulverized coal-fired furnace for receiving a stream of pulverized coal and air discharging from the coal delivery pipe (50) of the burner and directing the pulverized fuel and air stream into the furnace, is comprised of a base body (20), a replaceable highly abrasion resistant insert (30), and a replaceable highly temperature resistant end cap (40) which is readily attachable by mechanical means (28, 48) to the base body with the abrasion resistant insert disposed therein. The insert defines a highly abrasion resistant flow conduit through the nozzle tip from the discharge end of the base body to the receiving end of the end cap through which the pulverized fuel and air stream passes from the burner into the furnace.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator (10) having a casing (12) defining a precipitation chamber (6) wherein a plurality of discharge electrode subassemblies (32) are disposed alternately between a plurality of collecting electrode plates (20). Each discharge electrode subassembly (32) is comprised of a plurality of individual tubular discharge electrodes (50) extending vertically between support frame members. Each tubular discharge electrode (50) is comprised of a vertically elongated tubular member (54) having an elliptical cross-section disposed with the longer axis of the ellipse perpendicular to the collecting electrode plates and the shorter axis of the ellipse parallel to the collecting electrode plates. A plurality of corona discharge pins (52) are disposed along the length of the discharge electrodes at spaced intervals and extend outwardly from the longitudinal axis of the tubular member (54) at an acute angle preferably in the range of at least 45 degrees to not more than 60 degrees.

Abstract: An apparatus (40) for installing a coil spring (30) under tension between the discharge electrode wires (20) of a rigid-frame type electrostatic precipitator (10). The installation apparatus (40) comprises a longitudinally elongated support rod (42), first spring engagement pin (54) mounted stationarily to the outboard end (44) of the support rod, second spring engagement pin (64) supported from and translatably movable along the support rod, and spring tensioning device (70) for selectively positioning the second spring engagement pin (64) at the proper position along the support rod (42) so as to elongate the spring to the proper length necessary to slip the ends (34) of the spring about and between the discharge electrode wires (20).

Abstract: A rotary regenerative heat exchanger (2) for transferring heat from a hot fluid to a cold fluid by means of an assembly (30) of heat transfer element which is alternately contacted with the hot and cold fluid. The heat transfer element assembly (30) is comprised of a plurality of first and second heat absorbent plates (32,34) stacked alternately in spaced relationship. The spacing between adjacent first and second plates (32,34) is maintained by spacers which comprise V-shaped folds (38A and 38B) crimped in the first plates (32) and second plates (34), respectively, at spaced intervals along the plates. The folds (38A) in the first plates (32) are spaced equally apart by a first interval, while the folds (38B) in the second plates (34) are also spaced equally apart but at a second interval which is not equal to the first interval. In this manner, the folds in adjacent plates will not line up and nesting of adjacent plates is precluded.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator (10) having a casing (12) defining a precipitation chamber (6) wherein a plurality of discharge electrode frames (32) are disposed alternately between a plurality of collecting electrode plates (20). Each discharge electrode frame is comprised of a plurality of individual discharge electrode wires (36) tautly strung across a support frame. Individual discharge electrode wires are maintained in a taut condition during operation by tensioning coil springs (50) which interconnect neighboring discharge electrode wires to take-up any lengthening of the discharge electrode wires in a horizontal direction.

Abstract: A buckstay arrangement for a furnace of a steam generator wherein the furnace tube walls (12) are supported by a plurality of independent buckstays (10). Each buckstay (10) comprises an elongated beam (40,70) disposed horizontally adjacent to the tube wall and interconnected therewith and having a cross-section defining therein a box-like section (30,30') whereby the polar moment of inertia of the buckstay (10) is greatly enhanced.

Abstract: An improved method of sequentially cleaning filter elements (14) housed in a plurality of filter chambers (12) collectively forming a fabric filter collection apparatus (10) wherein the cleaning operation is controlled in response to an upper limit of pressure differential across the dust collection apparatus. Whenever the pressure differential across the dust collection apparatus (10) reaches the upper limit value, one of the chambers (12) is isolated, the filter elements (14) housed therein are cleaned, and then the isolated chamber is returned to service. Each of the individual chambers (12) is isolated in sequence and the filter elements therein cleaned with the interval between consecutive isolations and cleanings being the time required for the pressure differential across the dust collection apparatus (10) to again reach the upper limit value of pressure differential.

Abstract: Cellulosic material, such as wood chips, is fed from a storage bin (10) through a compacting screw feeder (12) to an impregnation chamber (16) in housing (14) wherein the material is contacted with a treatment liquid. The impregnated chips and treatment liquid are passed from chamber (16) by a triple flight intermeshing screw feeder (18) directly to the interior of an inclined treatment vessel (20) wherein the material is digested by cooking at elevated temperature and pressure in both the treatment liquid and a treatment vapor.

Abstract: An improved method of cleaning a fabric filter collector (10) housing one or more filter chambers (12) wherein the cleaning operation is monitored to actuate an alarm (54) if the pressure differential across the collector after any particular cleaning operation exceeds the pressure differential across the collector at initiation of that cleaning operation.

Abstract: A soot blower system comprising a plurality of soot blowers (60) each of which is selectively operable to clean ash deposits (54) from the walls (12) of a furnace chamber (10) in direct response to the local heat transfer rate from the hot combustion products to the walls of the furnace sensed by one or more heat flux meters (62) mounted to the furnace wall in the general region surrounding each of the soot blowers.