Abstract: A fluid sampling method in which a variable volume chamber between a needle site and a syringe creates a negative pressure at the tip on its removal from the needle site to reduce the exposure to liquid at the time of removal.
Abstract: At least one of two wing-like elements that extend longitudinally alongside each other in the stream of a flowing fluid is pivotally mounted so as to oscillate at a frequency proportional to fluid flow rate. These elements, after being properly positioned with respect to each other, are readily inserted in large conduits to provide accurate measurement of line average flow rate over a wide range of values.