Abstract: Basic zirconium gels may be used to form complexes with conventional aluminum and/or zirconium antiperspirant systems. The freshly prepared basic zirconium gels provide both a buffer for the highly acidic aluminum-zirconium complexes and an additional source of zirconium as an active ingredient in the antiperspirant. The preferred basic zirconium gels are basic zirconium-amino acid compounds, particularly basic zirconium-glycinates, and the compounds are preferably added to aluminum-zirconium systems in the form of a wet gel. The preferred basic zirconium glycinate is formed by first reacting sodium carbonate with glycine, and then reacting the resulting sodium glycinate with a zirconium oxy or zirconium hydroxy compound to precipitate out the zirconium basic glycinate gel. The various complexes of the invention may be used in conventional antiperspirant forms, including aqueous solutions, aerosol sprays, powder-in-oil aerosol sprays, creams, lotions, cream sticks, etc.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for making hollow macrospherical particles. The particles themselves are particularly adapted for use as anti-perspirants. The particles have a diameter between about 10 and 74 microns, preferably predominating between 15 and 44 microns, and a greater than unit density. As such, they are not subject to deep lung penetration. The process for producing the particles comprises providing a solution containing the materials from which the particles are made, diffusing the solution through small pores by centrifugal force such that the resulting hollow particles have a diameter greater than the pore diameter, and drying the solution droplets in a stream of heated air. The apparatus for producing the macrospherical particles comprises a centrifugal atomizer having a porous sintered metal filter ring which is rotated inside a spray drying chamber.

Abstract: Improved antiperspirant stick compositions are provided which comprise a substantially anhydrous, homogeneous mixture of an alcohol soluble astringent basic aluminum compound as the active ingredient in a solid or semi-solid system including an alkylene polyhydric alcohol, a normally solid higher fatty acid amide of an alkylolamine in which the fatty acid radical contains at least 12 carbon atoms and the alkylol groups of the alkylolamine contain from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and a non-toxic dermatologically acceptable non-aqueous solvent, such as ethanol, for the astringent basic aluminum compound. The mixture provides a highly esthestic, stable and quite effective antiperspirant in stick form suitable for application to the human axilla.

Abstract: An automated wet sieving apparatus and process are provided comprising a wetting liquid distributor which is coupled by eccentric disks to a motor which drives the distributor in an orbital path for supplying the liquid onto a sieve. Means are provided for creating alternating vacuum and pressure below the sieve. The vacuum draws undersized particles whose size is being determined through the sieve and the pressure loosens blinding particles from the sieve. Preferably, the sieve is cyclically tilted as the wetting liquid is being distributed onto the sieve.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for making hollow macrospherical particles. The particles themselves are particularly adapted for use as anti-perspirants. The particles have a diameter between about 10 and 74 microns, preferably predominating between 15 and 44 microns, and a greater than unit density. As such, they are not subject to deep lung penetration. The process for producing the particles comprises providing a solution containing the materials from which the particles are made, diffusing the solution through small pores by centrifugal force such that the resulting hollow particles have a diameter greater than the pore diameter, and drying the solution droplets in a stream of heated air. The apparatus for producing the macrospherical particles comprises a centrifugal atomizer having a porous sintered metal filter ring which is rotated inside a spray drying chamber.

Abstract: Basic zirconium gels may be used to form complexes with conventional aluminum and/or zirconium antiperspirant systems. The freshly prepared basic zirconium gels provide both a buffer for the highly acidic aluminum-zirconium complexes and an additional source of zirconium as an active ingredient in the antiperspirant. The preferred basic zirconium gels are basic zirconium-amino acid compounds, particularly basic zirconium glycinates, and the compounds are preferably added to aluminum-zirconium systems in the form of a wet gel. The preferred basic zirconium glycinate is formed by first reacting sodium carbonate with glycine, and then reacting the resulting sodium glycinate with a zirconium oxy or zirconium hydroxy compound to precipitate out the zirconium basic glycinate gel. The various complexes of the invention may be used in conventional antiperspirant forms, including aqueous solutions, aerosol sprays, powder-in-oil aerosol sprays, creams, lotions, cream sticks, etc.

Abstract: Alkali metal and ammonium zirconyl carbonates (AZC) may be used as active antiperspirant ingredients when converted to complexes with various acidic antiperspirant agents, including particularly the highly acidic zirconium compounds. The acidic antiperspirant agent activates the zirconium in the zirconyl carbonate to an acidic, active antiperspirant species. The zirconyl carbonate comprises about 2 to 35 weight percent of the complex, and the antiperspirant activating agent is present in such an amount that the pH of a 5 to 20 weight percent aqueous solution of the complex will be about 3 to 6. Potassium and ammonium zirconyl carbonates are preferred, but sodium may also be used if the complex is kept in solution. The acidic, antiperspirant activating agent is preferably a zirconium oxy salt or zirconium hydroxy salt, such as a zirconium hydroxy halide. However, other water soluble, polyvalent metal salts of strong acids may be used, particularly aluminum halides and basic aluminum compounds.

Abstract: Staining and discoloration of painted wood surfaces, as a result of bleeding into the top or finish coat of soluble coloring matter and tannins naturally present in the wood, is prevented by coating or impregnating the wood with a basic aluminum compound, particularly with a water soluble basic aluminum halide or derivative thereof. The basic aluminum compound may be applied in aqueous solution or non-pigmented emulsion for prefinishing building lumber, or applied in the form of a pigmented emulsion as a primer coat.The present invention relates to novel methods and compositions for application to the surfaces of woods, particularly to stain-susceptible woods, to prevent their staining or discoloring as a result of tannin and tocopherol or other waste-soluble coloring matter present in the raw wood, bleeding or migrating into a subsequently applied preservative or decorative paint film.

Abstract: Astringent compositions useful as antiperspirants are provided by forming a complex of a magnesium salt and an astringent zirconium compound, particularly zirconium oxy and hydroxy salts, such that the weight ratio of the zirconium content to the magnesium content in the complex expressed as the oxides will be in the range of about 30:1 to 1:1. The preferred amount of magnesium, expressed as the oxide, in an aqueous antiperspirant solution containing an effective amount of the complex will be greater than about 3 weight percent. Preferred compositions include complexes of magnesium-amino acid salts, such as magnesium glycinate, plus zirconyl hydroxy chloride in which the ratio of zirconium to magnesium is about 10:1 to 3:1 and the total content of magnesium plus zirconium is about 5 to 15 weight percent and preferably about 5 to 10 weight percent, both expressed as the oxides. Buffers such as urea, amino acids, salts of amino acids, etc.

Abstract: Anti-perspirant complexes are provided which comprise a combination of a basic aluminum compound, a zirconium compound and an amino compound which may be an alkaline or hydroxy salt of an amino acid in which the number of amino groups is equal to the number of carboxyl groups in the molecule. The various components are present in the complex in amounts such that the Al/Zr mol ratio is about 10:1 to 1:10 and the pH of an aqueous solution containing 5 to 15 weight percent of the complex (based on the oxides of aluminum and zirconium) is at least about 3. The basic aluminum compound may be any of the usual basic aluminum anti-perspirant salts, particularly the basic aluminum halides, and the zirconium compound may be a zirconium oxy salt and/or zirconium hydroxy salt. The amino salts may be soluble or insoluble, and particularly preferred compounds include the alkaline and alkaline earth glycinates, aluminum dihydroxy or monohydroxy glycinates, and aluminum-magnesium-hydroxy-glycinate compounds.

Abstract: Unusually effective anti-perspirant compositions are provided by forming an astringent complex of a basic aluminum compound, a zirconium compound and a trace amount of an alkaline earth metal salt. The alkaline earth metal may be either calcium or magnesium or both, but preferably magnesium, and may be added as any of the usual salts such as halides, carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, etc. The basic aluminum compounds may be any of the usual basic aluminum anti-perspirant salts, particularly basic aluminum halides, and the zirconium compound may be a zirconium oxy salt and/or zirconium hydroxy salt. The complex should have an Al/Zr mole ratio of about 10:1 to 1:10, and preferably about 4:1 to 1:1, and the pH of an aqueous solution containing 5 to 15 weight percent of the complex (based on the oxides of aluminum and zirconium) should be at least about 3.

Abstract: Anti-perspirant complexes are provided which comprise a combination of a basic aluminum compound, a zirconium compound and a hydroxy carboxylic compound which may be a non-toxic salt of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a non-toxic salt of an aluminum chelate of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a codried mixture of aluminum hydroxide with a non-toxic salt of an aluminum chelate of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, or mixtures thereof. The various components are present in the complex in amounts such that the Al/Zr mol ratio is about 10:1 to 1:10 and the pH of an aqueous solution containing 5 to 15 weight percent of the complex (based on the oxides of aluminum and zirconium) is at least about 3. The complexes may be used in conventional anti-perspirant forms, including aqueous solutions, aerosol sprays (including powder-in-oil aerosol sprays), as well as creams, lotions and cream sticks.

Abstract: Water soluble anti-perspirant complexes are provided which comprise a combination of a basic aluminum-polyol compound, a zirconium compound and an organic buffer which may be urea, an amino acid in which the number of amino groups is equal to the number of carboxyl groups in the molecule, an alkaline or hydroxy salt of such amino acid, or mixtures thereof. The various components are present in the complex in amounts such that the Al/Zr mol ratio is about 10:1 to 1:10 and the pH of an aqueous solution containing 5 to 15 weight percent of the complex (based on the oxides of aluminum and zirconium) is at least about 3. The basic aluminum-polyol compounds may be those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,359,169; 3,420,932; 3,405,153 and 3,555,146, particularly basic aluminum chloride-propylene glycol complex. The zirconium compound may be a zirconium oxy (zirconyl) salt and/or zirconium hydroxy salt. Preferred amino acid buffers include glycine and .beta.

Abstract: Anti-perspirant complexes are provided which comprise a combination of a basic aluminum compound, a zirconium compound and a complex aluminum buffering compound containing in addition to aluminum two or more of the following: magnesium, calcium, sodium, carbonate, sulfate, hydroxyl and water. The various components are present in the complex in amounts such that the Al/Zr mole ratio is about 10:1 to 1:10 and the pH of an aqueous solution containing 5 to 15 weight percent of the complex (based on the oxides of aluminum and zirconium) is at least about 3. The basic aluminum compound may be any of the usual basic aluminum anti-perspirant salts, particularly the basic aluminum halides, and the zirconium compound may be a zirconium oxy salt and/or zirconium hydroxy salt. The complex aluminum buffer preferably contains among the additional groups or elements magnesium and/or carbonate.