Abstract: Electronic components can be encapsulated with a poly(arylene sulfide) composition containing a mercaptosilane such as, for example, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering poly(arylene sulfide) from a liquid reaction mixture, comprising a liquid-phase poly(arylene sulfide) and a polar organic compound which can also function as a solvent for the polymer, and water. The liquid reaction mixture is contacted by an amount of a vaporized phase separation agent at least sufficient to effect or enhance a phase separation of the liquid-phase poly(arylene sulfide) component from the polar organic compound. The poly(arylene sulfide resins recovered according to this invention exhibit greater particle size than those recovered according to prior art methods, and do not tend to adhere to vessel walls during recovery.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers comprising an N-vinyl lactam are found to be useful in processes wherein the polymer is introduced into a subterranean wellbore.Polymers useful in the recovery of natural resources are prepared by polymerizing an N-vinyl lactam by free radical initiation with polymerization conducted in an aqueous solution polymerization medium preferably containing a mixture of dissolved electrolytes, or in a polymerization medium consisting essentially of a tertiary alkanol. Copolymers of such N-Vinyl lactams with unsaturated amides, and terpolymers prepared by polymerizing an N-vinyl lactam and an unsaturated amide with a selected termonomer compound are also useful when prepared by these methods. The invention also broadly encompasses utilizing a water soluble polymer comprising at least one of a hydrophilic vinyl-containing sulfonate and a hydrophilic N-vinyl lactam under hostile conditions.

Abstract: A process for the pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials at an elevated temperature or an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure in which a fuel is burned in the presence of a combustion supporting material, in an amount sufficient to supply at least the stoichiometric amount of oxygen for combustion of all of the fuel, to produce an effluent containing significant amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide and having an elected temperature, passing the effluent to a pyrolysis zone, wihtout removal of components therefrom, to thereby create an elevated temperature within the pyrolysis zone and pyrolyzing the carbonaceous material in the pyrolysis zone in the presence of the effluent from the burning step and at an elevated temperature. The burning step may additionally be carried out at a high flame velocity to produce an effluent having an elevated pressure and the carbonaceous material may thus additionally be pyrolyzed at an elevated pressure.

Abstract: Catalyst composition is provided which is prepared by impregnating high surface area, high pore volume alumina with at least one magnesium compound convertible to the oxide, and, optionally, at least one alkali metal compound which is cnvertible to the oxide, and/or at least one zirconium compound convertible to the oxide, then subjecting the impregnated support to an oxygen-containing atmosphere under conditions suitable to convert at least a portion of the magnesium, alkali metal and zirconium compounds to the oxide form. The resulting catalyst is an effective double bond isomerization catalyst, and also greatly enhances the disproportionation activity of disproportionation catalysts when used in combination therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are provided for continuously consolidating and shaping a plurality of continuous prepreg structures into a unitary formed product structure. Each prepreg structure comprises a solidified thermoplastic resin matrix containing long reinforcing fibers. In operation, the respective prepregs of the plurality are continuously placed into interfacial contact with one another along their lengths, and passed through a heated die zone wherein consolidation and shaping are achieved to produce a desired unitary formed structure. The unitary formed product is then cooled.

Abstract: A process for the production of an arylene sulfide terpolymer is provided comprising reacting at least one alkali metal sulfide, at least one p-dihalo unsubstituted benzene, at least one polyhalo aromatic compound having more than two halogen substituents per molecule, at least one p-dihalo alkyl substituted benzene, and at least one N-alkyl lactam. Another process is provided comprising first reacting an at least one alkali metal sulfide in hydrated form or in an aqueous mixture with at least one N-alkyl lactam to form a reaction product, thereafter heating the reaction product to form a dehydrated composition, then reacting the dehydrated composition with a mixture consisting essentially of at least one p-dihalo unsubstituted benzene, at least one polyhalo aromatic compound having more than 2 halogen atoms per molecule, at least one p-dihalo alkyl subsituted benzene, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of (a) water in an amount of about 0.2 mole to about 2.

Abstract: The formation of carbon on metals exposed to hydrocarbons in a thermal cracking process is reduced by contacting such metals with an antifoulant selected from the group consisting of an organic compound of chromium, a combination of tin and elemental chromium or an organic compound of chromium, a combination of antimony and elemental chromium or an organic compound of chromium and a combination of tin, antimony and elemental chromium or an organic compound of chromium.

Abstract: An apparatus for the control of velocity and pressure of hot gases flowing through a conduit wherein generally spherically shaped objects of refractory material are disposed within such conduit during the operation thereof to provide a constriction of the cross-sectional area of the conduit through which the gases are flowing. A particular embodiment of apparatus employed in the present invention comprises generally spherically shaped refractory objects introduced into the conduit immediately upstream of a perforated baffle extending transversely across the conduit.

Abstract: An inexpensive one-step process is disclosed for producing the lower hydrates of magnesium dihalide by comminuting hydrated magnesium dihalide and anhydrous magnesium dihalide. Also the use of such hydrous magnesium dihalide products in the olefin polymerization catalysts.

Abstract: Apparatus for purifying, devolatilizing and/or sheeting a thermoplastic material in which a high density, flowable heat exchange material, having a density substantially above the density of the thermoplastic material and which is essentially immiscible therewith, is continuously circulated through a contact zone in a manner to maintain an extended surface area body of the high density heat exchange material in the contact zone, the thermoplastic material is introduced into and withdrawn from the contact zone in a manner to form a continuously flowing layer of the thermoplastic material across the surface of the body of high density heat exchange material. Thermoplastic material may be introduced into the contact vessel as a powder, melted in an intermediate section of the contact vessel, resolidified at the opposite end of the contact vessel and withdrawn as a sheet of thermoplastic material.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic self-condensation of halothiophenol to form a poly(arylene sulfide) is disclosed. The reaction mixture includes an alcohol solvent, the halothiophenol, an alkaline reagent and a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal. The polymerization process can be carried out at pressures as low as 1 atmosphere and temperatures of 200.degree. C. or less.

Abstract: Virgin poly(arylene sulfide) resins are oxidatively cured by heat treatment at an elevated temperature below the melting point of the resin, under an oxidizing atmosphere comprising less than a 20 volume % oxygen concentration. The resulting polymer exhibits drastically improved thermal stability with no apparent sacrifice in physical properties.

Abstract: A system for recovering vapor, such as residual isobutane, from powder, such as polyethylene powder, comprises surge vessel and a two-compartment purge column. The polymer passes through the surge vessel by means of valves such as ball valves on the inlet and outlet of the surge vessel. Hot vapor, such as isobutane, is used to strip a large portion of the residual isobutane from the polyethylene in the top section of the purge column. Part of the isobutane leaving the column goes to a hydrocarbon recovery section and part is heated and recycled as the stripping medium. In the bottom section, nitrogen is used to strip the remaining isobutane from the polymer. An analyzer controller sensing nitrogen in the isobutane stream to recovery controls pressure in the bottom section by manipulating a valve in the nitrogen off-gas line form the bottom section to control the nitrogen content of the isobutane stream being recycled as stripping medium.

Abstract: A plurality of parallel tubes in the form of at least a first plurality of parallel tube rows and a second plurality of parallel tube rows are supported by a baffle comprising an outer ring capable of surrounding the tubes and a plurality of parallel rods which form a plurality of parallel chords with the outer ring wherein the rods are capable of passing in the spaces between the tubes forming adjacent parallel tube rows of one plurality of parallel tube rows and wherein the number of rods in the baffle is substantially less than the total number of rods which could be positioned in the spaces between the tube rows in the plurality of parallel tube rows.

Abstract: Compositions of matter, including: a composition consisting of iron oxide and magnesium oxide; a composition comprising iron oxide, manganese oxide and magnesium oxide; a composition comprising a small amount of iron oxide and a larger amount of an oxide of a Lanthanum Series metal, particularly lanthanum and cerium; and a composition comprising iron oxide and niobium oxide. The above compositions are particularly useful as catalytic compositions for the conversion of C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 hydrocarbons to less saturated hydrocarbons, particularly ethylene and propylene and preferably ethylene, in the presence of steam. The steam substantially increases the active life of the catalytic composition, before regeneration is necessary, as well as significantly increasing the selectivity of ethylene. Limiting the amount of bound or fixed sulfur in the catalytic compositions also improves the catalysts.

Abstract: High structure carbon black is produced in an oil furnace reactor characterized by abrupt expansions in the reaction flow passage following the reactor throat.

Abstract: Spin-drawing apparatus for simultaneously drawing and optionally entangling one or more yarn ends. The apparatus comprises three pairs of heated cylindrical rolls which provide for two stages of yarn drafting, the first two pairs of rolls being inclined at an acute angle to a vertical plane and being generally mutually parallel, and the third pair of rolls being generally perpendicular to the vertical plane. The yarn ends are (a) initially directed to the inner ends of the first pair of rolls, (b) directed from the outer ends of the first pair of rolls to the inner ends of the second pair of rolls, (c) directed from the outer ends of the second pair of rolls to the inner ends of the third pair of rolls, (d) directed from the outer ends of the third pair of rolls through optional corresponding yarn entanglers, and (e) directed from the optional yarn entanglers to corresponding yarn packages.

Abstract: The tubes in a tube bundle through which heat exchange medium flows transversely are supported by rods arranged at a substantial angle with respect to the direction of fluid flow. In a preferred embodiment, tube bundles supported by rods are positioned in a stirred vessel for heat exchange with the fluid in the stirred vessel. In a further preferred embodiment, the stirred vessel is a fermentor for the production of bacteria or yeast.

Abstract: A catalyst system is produced by first forming a chromium catalyst on a predominantly silica support, activating in an oxygen-containing ambient and thereafter subjecting the thus activated composition to carbon monoxide reduction. The resulting reduced supported chromium catalyst composition is then precontacted with a cocatalyst selected from trialkyl boron compounds and dialkyl aluminum alkoxide compounds, preferably triethyl borane and thereafer contacted with ethylene. This results in a catalyst system which produces comonomer in situ so as to give tough, flexible ethylene copolymers from an essentially pure ethylene feed.