Abstract: Multi-stage pulses are used to program/erase the memory so as to reduce the slow program/erase bit issue. A first predetermined voltage bias is applied to a memory cell for a predetermined number of times. Each time the voltage bias is applied to the memory cell the memory is verified against a criterion. If the verification failed after the predetermined number of times applying the first predetermined voltage bias, a second predetermined voltage bias is applied to program/erase the nonvolatile memory. If the verification failed after applying the second predetermined voltage bias, a third predetermined voltage bias is applied to program/erase the nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: A sensing circuit for sensing logic data is shown. A memory cell is electrically connected to a bit line. The sensing circuit includes a first pre-charging module electrically connected to the bit line for pre-charging the bit line. A selecting module is electrically connected between the bit line and a first data line for transmitting signals and for isolating capacitances. A second pre-charging module is electrically connected to the first data line for pre-charging the first data line. A first voltage keeping module is electrically connected to the first data line for maintaining a signal on the first data line at a voltage level. An isolating module is electrically connected between the first data line and a second data line for transmitting signals and for isolating capacitances. A third pre-charging module is electrically connected to the second data line for pre-charging the second data line.

Abstract: A method of registering the position of a ribbon by moving the ribbon with a constant angular velocity and detecting the amount of ribbon used in a photo printer. The ribbon includes dye regions each having several dye frames, and black bar regions each prior to a dye region. The first dye frame of each dye region is registered after each black bar region is detected. The amount of ribbon used is determined based on the moved time of the black bar region. And while one of the dye frames is finished printing, the required time for moving the ribbon to register the start position of the subsequent dye frame is obtained based on the moved time of the black bar region, the length of the printed part of the dye frame, and the length from non-printed part of the dye frame to the subsequent dye frame.