Abstract: A camera accommodating film cartridges having structural signals differently configured according to the corresponding film speeds and selectively accepting a photoflash unit with a predetermined high guide number and a photoflash unit with a predetermined low guide number is provided with an automatic diaphragm mechanism which, in flashbulb photography, adjusts the aperture according to the object to camera distance. The camera includes a luminosity attenuator for guide number compensation and a luminosity attenuator for film speed compensation, each attenuator being displaceable between a nonattenuating position displaced from the camera objective light path and an attenuating position in said light path. Internal of the camera is a first sensor for differential detection of the guide number classification of a photoflash unit to be mounted on the camera for flashbulb photography.

Abstract: A slit-scanning type optical copying apparatus, wherein successive increments of the surface of an original are scanned by reciprocating an original-carrying support or an original-image scanning mirror, so that an original image is focused on a photosensitive member moving or turning at a given speed or at a given R.P.M. in a given direction, through a projecting optical system including an objective lens. In this optical copying apparatus, the projecting optical system comprises: a single objective lens; a roof reflecting member having adjoining reflecting surfaces making a right angle therebetween, the aforesaid reflecting member being positioned in the rear of the objective lens; a single half-mirror positioned in the optical path in the front of the objective lens and oriented to direct projecting beams from the original onto the lens and to direct projecting beams from the lens onto the photosensitive member, respectively; and means for turning the reflecting member through an angle of 90.degree.

Abstract: A photoflash photography system includes a camera separably housing individual film cartridges carrying indicia, physical or electrical, representing the sensitivity of the film contained in the respective cartridge. A photoflash unit is coupled to the camera and has a light output which automatically varies inversely with the film sensitivity in response to the sensitivity indicia. The light output is varied by varying the charge voltage on the flash tube storage capacitor or the capacitor capacitance value. The electrical indicia may be resistors of different values and the physical indicia may be recesses of different depths or differently disposed shoulders or fingers which are detected by movable sensing members.

Abstract: An endless photosensitive belt assembly unit or "module" in a reproducing apparatus is supported near all four corners on slide rails for displacement to a position outside the apparatus. To give ready access to the photosensitive belt when the unit is in its outer position, the unit is pivotally mounted on the slide rails.

Abstract: A photographic camera employing a cartridge film, has no film sensitivity setting arrangement but has been preset to a predetermined film sensitivity. The cartridge has an index member projecting from a side thereof and is notched to provide a predetermined configuration corresponding to the particular sensitivity rating of the film contained in the cartridge. Disposed within a cartridge chamber of the camera is a sensing member for detecting the sensitivity of the film contained in said cartridge from the particular configuration of the index member. The sensing member is operatively associated with control means for rendering the camera photographically inoperative.

Abstract: A system for sensing the open or closed position of a closure member such as a window or door includes a first winding having a magnetic core and an audio frequency electromechanical first transducer and electrically interconnected and mounted on the closure member. A second winding having a magnetic core and an audio frequency mechanical electrical second transducer are mounted on a stationary base and the cores are closely coupled as are the transducers when the closure member is in closed position. The second winding is connected to a pulsed ultrasonic alternating current, and the second transducer is connected by way of amplifiers to a multiplex signal transmitting network. The opening of the closure member uncouples the cores and the transducers to produce a signal change at the transmitting network output.

Abstract: A large number of cones such as circular cones or pyramids, or conical recesses are regularly uniformly distributed and formed on a surface of a transparent focussing plate. Each cone or conical recess has a large number of fine irregularities on the sloping surface thereof to thereby diffuse the light passing through the sloping surface.

Abstract: An animated toy includes a hollow base which supports a hollow upright animal figure communicating with the base and having a pair of swingable arms. A housing communicates with and is located on the base in front of the figure and has a top slot through which housing located panels are vertically slidable and on which a compartment member carrying receptacle is separably coupled. A plurality of levers are housed in the base and have exposed buttons. A lever is coupled to each arm and a lever is coupled to each panel to individually swing the arms and raise and lower the panels. One of the arms carries a magnet for lifting magnetic pieces from the compartment member as well as retaining a cover cloth by a metal bar secured within a fold of the cloth to hide from view the movement of the panels. A water reservoir and lever operated pump are housed in the base, the pump outlet being connected to a nozzle on the figure. A retractable wand is carried by one of the figure arms.

Abstract: A safety belt retractor includes a reel spring biased in a belt retraction direction and includes a braking mechanism which is operated by predetermined extractions of the belt followed by its retraction for selectively releasing the reel for retraction rotation or locking it against such rotation. Another braking mechanism is provided for locking the reel against extraction rotation in response to a vehicle predetermined acceleration or tilt. The retractor is characterized by a mechanism for releasing the reel retraction brake when the reel extraction brake mechanism is actuated. The braking mechanisms include oppositely oriented ratchet wheels rotatable with the reel and pawls movable into and out of engagement with respective ratchet wheels, the release mechanism including a motion transmission member actuated by the extraction braking pawl moving to engage position to move the retraction braking pawl to its retracted position.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying machine of the image transfer type includes a roller for pressing the copy image receiving substrate into virtual contact with the electrostatic image carrying drum. The roller includes a metal shaft and an outer layer formed of an electroconductive elastic sponge material having a resistivity of 10.sup.2 to 10.sup.6 ohm/cm which varies inversely with the compression of the material. The sponge material is produced by soaking an open pore soft polymeric sponge matrix temporarily expandable when exposed to alcohol in a liquid composition containing 10 parts of a water dispersable resin binder, 2 to 7 parts of a fine electroconductive powder and 10 to 200 parts of alcohol, expressing the excess liquid and then drying the liquid composition.

Abstract: A camera focussing aid includes an auxiliary light projector directing a light beam forwardly of the camera and mounted in the camera body or in a separable flash unit. A mechanism is provided for deactivating the auxiliary projector during the camera exposure sequence and includes a switch network connecting the auxiliary projector lamp to a battery, the switch being opened either with the depression of the shutter release member, the initiation of the shutter opening, the closing of the flash triggering switch or a drop in voltage across the flash charge capacitor. The projector beam is advantageously of small divergence and the auxliary projector may be used with a camera having a split image range finder or a single lens reflex camera.

Abstract: A vehicle shoulder safety belt retractor includes a first ratchet wheel carrying reel which is biased in a belt retraction direction and an oppositely oriented second ratchet wheel is mounted on the first ratchet wheel. A first normally retracted pawl is associated with the first ratchet wheel and a mechanism responsive to either highly accelerated belt withdrawal or the excessive acceleration or tilting of the vehicle or both for advancing the first pawl to lock the reel against belt extraction in emergencies. A second pawl is advanced by energization of an actuating solenoid to engage the second ratchet wheel and brake the reel against belt retraction. The solenoid is connected to a source of current through a series connected pair of switches, one of which is closed with the application of the seat belt and the other being located in the seat back and which is closed by the seat occupant reclining against the seat back so that the shoulder belt pressure against the comfortably seated occupant is obviated.

Abstract: A safety belt buckle includes a body member having a tongue receiving front opening and houses a floating latching member which is swingable about a transverse axis between lock and unlock positions engaging and disengaging an inserted coupling tongue, a push member is accessible through a window in the body member top wall and when depressed swings the latch member to unlock position to release the tongue. A unitary multifunctional spring member is located in the body member and includes guide and spring elements resiliently biasing the latching member to a medial forward locked position and a spring element resiliently biasing an inserted coupling tongue forwardly so as to eject the coupling tongue when it is unlocked or when it is improperly or insecurely coupled. The spring member likewise floats and includes a base plate overlying the body member base and side positioning flanges engaging the body member side walls.

Abstract: A safety belt retractor reel which is automatically locked against belt extraction under emergency conditions or with the withdrawal of a predetermined length of belt is provided with a mechanism for releasing and locking the reel against belt retraction operated in response to respective successive short sequential extraction and retraction of the belt. The mechanism includes a supplementary ratchet wheel affixed to the reel shaft and a pawl spring biased into engagement with the ratchet wheel to lock the reel against belt retraction. A pair of first and second cam discs are rotatably supported by the shaft and individually slip drive coupled thereto. One of the cam discs functions to releasably retain the pawl in its ratchet disengage position and the other cam disc functions to urge the pawl toward the retainer disc against its spring bias with the belt extraction rotation of the reel.

Abstract: Fire alarm device disposed within a booth having a door, the fire alarm device being operable only when the door of the booth is closed by the person operating the device. Upon the actuation of the fire alarm, the door of the booth is locked for a predetermined length of time, and a signal light visible outside the booth is actuated so as to alert passers-by and/or policemen to the fact that the fire alarm has been pulled. The time delay period during which the person operating the alarm is confined in the booth is sufficient to prevent his making an immediate get-away. This increases the chances of his being caught, should the alarm be a false one, after the door has again been permitted to open to release him from the booth. It also encourages the alarm operator to remain in the vicinity of the alarm box, when the alarm is legitimate, so that he may direct the fire apparatus to the fire.

Abstract: An inertia locking safety belt take-up reel comprises a U-shaped bracket and a rotatable reel including side ratchet wheels and journalled between the bracket side walls. A rockable cross piece including pawl projections is supported between the side walls for movement into engagement with the ratchet wheels and is spring biased out of engagement. A clutch wheel is rotatable with the reel and frictionally rotatably supports a cooperating clutch annulus, the two clutch members pivotally engaging a pawl so that their relative rotation attendant to a rapid acceleration of the reel swings the pawl into engagement with a second ratchet wheel to rock the latter, which in turn rocks the cross piece through an interconnecting crank arm, to lock the reel ratchet wheels by the associated pawls. An alarm control gear is driven by a pinion rotatable with the reel.

Abstract: A dielectric layer of copy paper is brought into contact with an electrostatic latent image bearing surface of a photosensitive plate by a first roller having an electric resistance value substantially higher than the rear face resistance value of the copy paper, the photosensitive plate having on its front face a dielectric layer for forming the latent image thereon and driven by a grounded roller. An electrically conductive lining element of the copy paper is substantially grounded by an electrically conductive second roller to transfer the electrostatic latent image by air breakdown discharge under the influence of the first and second rollers. The gap between the photosensitive plate and the copy paper has a width for air breakdown discharge according to Paschen's law.

Abstract: A motor-driven apparatus for use in a camera equipped with a shutter device which is normally maintained in a close position after the termination of an exposure and adapted to be shifted to an open position in response to the shutter release operation, comprises a motor for driving the film; a switch opened during the transportation of the film and closed upon the termination of the transportation of the film; an electric circuit for producing signals only when the shutter device is shifted from the open position to a closed position; and a semi-conductor control circuit connected in series with the switch between the motor and the cells, the semi-conductor control circuit being rendered conductive by signals from the electric circuit and rendered non-conductive when the switch is opened.

Abstract: An automatic braking safety belt retractor includes a shaft journalled to a bracket and spring biased in a belt retraction rotating direction. Affixed to the shaft is a take-up reel, and first and second ratchet wheels with the same number of teeth. A first spring retracted pawl is movable into engagement with the first ratchet wheel and a tooth carrying actuating member is slidable along a path tangent to the second ratchet wheel between a retracted first position with the tooth disengaged from the second ratchet wheel, a second position with the tooth engaging the second ratchet wheel, and a ratchet wheel advanced third position. A bracket mounted acceleration sensing pendulum upon actuation shifts the actuating member to its ratchet wheel engaging second position, the belt extraction rotation of the second ratchet wheel advances the actuating member which is coupled to the first pawl to advance the first pawl into engagement with the first ratchet wheel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating woven textile fabrics. In one aspect, the present invention relates to a process for imparting elasticity to a woven textile fabric in its warp direction in which a cellulose reactive resin solution is applied to a woven textile fabric, the fabric compressed in its warp direction by means of a rubber roller and an elastic flexible belt, and then fixed in its altered state.