Abstract: Lossless delivery of an ATM cell based service over connection oriented multi-path networks is assured. The applicable network could be wired (to include optical fiber), or wireless, or a combination of these. A “queue” is added into the user information stream at the source node of the protection domain, and a working path receive queue is also introduced at the destination node. A low bandwidth sequence numbered (F3 like) OAM cell stream is carried cyclically from the source to the destination node over both the working and protection paths. A pre-determined delay of the sending of information over the network is employed. Upon an indication of an impairment of service, the delayed information is sent over a second path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the generation, manipulation and detection of plasmon, and/or solitons, both linear and non linear, in semi-conductor heterostructures. The apparatus includes a galium arsonide substrate, a two-dimensional electron gas well (2-DEG) (160) form thereon and a thin layer of Aluminum galium arsonide (AlGaAs) placed thereover. Launcher (130) and receiver lines (132, 134, 136) are formed on the AlGaAs layer. Each of the launcher (130) and receiver lines (132, 134, 136) includes coplanar waveguides which preferably consist of two to three metal lines. One line is interconnected with a photoconductive switch (120) and can be pulsed. The other line or lines are grounded. Pulsing the line forms an electric field which can be detected. Between the launcher and (130) and the receiver (140), the plasmon can be modulated by one or more additional gates line extending over the 2-DEG.