Abstract: A process for the extraction or separation of lignin from waste black cooking liquor resulting from the kraft and sulfite paper pulping process. After the lignin is separated, it is reacted with a chemical system to produce unsaturated end groups on the lignin molecule which are epoxidized to produce a lignin-epoxide resin.

Abstract: An electronic measurement system for monitoring and measuring indicated horsepower (IHP) of piston type engines which may be spark-ignition, diesel, steam or other power type, based on two or more cycles of operation. Indicated horsepower (IHP) is computed for each engine cylinder in sequential fashion and is based on measurements of cylinder pressure and crankshaft angle of rotation versus time. The system hereof is also operable to measure revolutions per minute of the engine shaft, as well as combustion and compression pressures (just before ignition).

Abstract: A method of measuring temperature utilizing resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) is disclosed. A number of RTDs are sequentially scanned and their resistance values are processed by zeroing and linearizing circuit techniques so that an output signal directly proportional to the temperature of each RTD is obtained. The scanning technique incorporates constant current excitation so that complete linearization of the resistance versus temperature function is made possible with very few high tolerance components.

Abstract: An improvement in a powder metallurgic manufacturing process where metal powder is compressed and heated in a mould and heat is produced by conducting electric current through the mould and the metal powder as well as through at least one electrically resistive fireproof body in actual contact with the mould where heat produced in the body is transferred to the mould and the metal powder. The improvement comprises maintaining electric tension between 2 and 200 volts; the current efficiency per unit volume of the mould between 20 and 200 W/cm.sup.3 ; and the resistivity of the electrically resistive fireproof body between 0.03 and 100 ohm .times. cm.

Abstract: An engraving blanket which comprises an engraveable layer of live resilient rubber material vulcanized at one face to a face of a base layer of nonhard, nonresilient rubber material. Talcum powder is evenly dispersed between the vulcanized faces of the two layers to control the degree of adhesion between the two. This permits selected portions of the engraveable layer to be cut out and stripped from the base layer to produce a printing design and yet provides sufficient adhesion to keep the layers together during use of the blanket.

Abstract: A cartridge type check valve which may be either pilot operated or of the free flow type. The pilot operated type includes in combination a generally cylindrically-shaped housing having first and second end portions and having internal wall means defining an opening extending axially therethrough. A valve seat is formed on the internal wall means and a valve member is movable into and out of engagement with the valve seat to selectively prohibit and permit fluid flow through the axially extending opening at the valve seat. A fluid port is provided in the first end portion of the housing and serves to provide for fluid entrance into the axially extending opening. A control piston is positioned in the second end portion of the housing and is movable between first and second positions as is a valve stem, which is connected to the valve member and extends axially to a position adjacent the control piston and is adapted to be engaged and moved by the control piston.

Abstract: A sewage treatment tank formed in upper and lower halves which engage each other along a parting line. The tank has an aeration chamber and an outlet chamber which are fluidly connected together at the bottom portion of the tank through an opening and also at the top portion of the tank at the fluid level by means of a surface skimmer. A tube settler is positioned in the outlet chamber and comprises a plurality of spaced and generally parallel plates each of which includes a plurality of spaced and generally parallel deflector members the surfaces of which are arranged at an acute angle to upward fluid flow in the outlet chamber. Holding members secure the plates in fixed position and have end portions held between the upper and lower halves of the tank at the parting line.