Abstract: An apparatus and a process for injecting fluids while prevents backflow are provided. The apparatus comprises a) a hollow core pipe with an open end and a closed end, and containing exit ports in the peripheral wall that are closed when there is no, or low fluid pressure; b) a stationary valve seat, fitted in the pipe; c) an axial sliding plug, disposed to be received in the valve seat where there is no or low fluid pressure thereby closing the exit ports wherein an increase in fluid pressure causes the plug to slide toward the closed end and the opening of the exit ports; and d) a spring held in place between the slidable plug and the closed end, the spring continuously urging the plug in a direction away from the closed end.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new process and apparatus for steam reforming of any vaporizable hydrocarbon to produce H2 and CO2, with minimal CO, and no CO in the H2 stream, using a membrane steam reforming (MSR) reactor and flameless distributed combustion (FDC) which provides great improvements in heat exchange efficiency and load following capabilities to drive the steam reforming reaction. The invention also pertains to a zero emission hybrid power system wherein the produced hydrogen is used to power a high-pressure molten carbonate fuel cell. In addition, the design of the FDC-MSR powered fuel cell makes it possible to capture good concentrations of CO2 for sequestration or use in other processes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the in situ purification of aquifers contaminated with ethers and/or alcohols using a bacterial culture, a method of delivering the culture to the subsurface, and an oxygen delivery system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the in-situ bioremediation of aquifers contaminated with chemicals by delivering a chemical degrading bacterial culture using a bacterial slurry delivery apparatus, which is designed to prevent backflow of soil and clogging of the apparatus, and a networked oxygen delivery system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the in situ purification of aquifers contaminated with ethers and/or alcohols using a bacterial culture, a method of delivering the culture to the subsurface, and an oxygen delivery system.

Abstract: A relational database is built and used for the identification of single crystals by electron diffraction. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns (a lattice net of spots) produced in an electron diffractometer or a transmission electron microscope (TEM) are matched against database patterns calculated from reduced unit cells of known materials. The effects of double diffraction on electron diffraction patterns are fully incorporated into the database by rigorous calculation.

Abstract: Waterborne sanitary can coating composition, derived from at least (a) epoxy resin, derived from phenol derivatives and epichlorohydrin, which has been converted into a cationic NH2 containing form by reaction with amine, an amine adduct or ammonia and subsequently has been converted into corresponding ammonium salt by addition of organic acid, (b) a phenol-formaldehyde resin as curing agent, (c) polyketone resin, having a number average molecular weight Mn of at least 500, and (d) water, containing minor amounts of organic solvents. Coated tin plate coils on which said waterborne sanitary compositions have been applied and coated cans, obtained from the coated tin plate coil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reaction products formed from maleic anhydride and amino carboxylic acids. The reaction products are particularly useful for grafting polyolefins to increase their polarity and therefore enhance their physical properties.

Abstract: A process for the joint preparation of styrene and propylene oxide comprising the steps of: (a) reacting ethane and benzene to form ethylbenzene; (b) reacting ethylbenzene with oxygen or air to form ethylbenzene hydroperoxide; (c) reacting at least part of the ethylbenzene hydroperoxide obtained with propene in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst to form propylene oxide and 1-phenyl ethanol, and (d) dehydrating at least part of the 1-phenyl ethanol obtained into styrene in the presence of a suitable dehydration catalyst, wherein the ethene used in step (a) and the propene used in step (c) are at least partly provided by a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of odor-lean polyether polyols from polyether polyol product stream obtained by reacting a starting compound having a plurality of active hydrogen atoms with one or more alkylene oxides, which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the polyether polyol product with an excess of acid having a pKa of less than 5 under hydrolysis conditions, (b) contacting the reaction mixture with excessive amount of water to form a two-phase system under hydrolysis conditions by adding an amount of water to form an organic phase and a water phase to reduce the amount of cyclic-ether compounds present in the polyether polyol product, and (c) recovering the odor-lean polyether polyol.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the in situ purification of aquifers contaminated with ethers and/or alcohols using a bacterial culture, a method of delivering the culture to the subsurface, and an oxygen delivery system.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water streams containing at least hydrocarbons and salts to yield a clean water product, a concentrated brine product and a hydrocarbon-rich product, which process includes the steps of: (a) feeding the waste water feed into a first distillation column at a stage in the range of from 0.05 to 0.15 from the top, wherein n represents the total number of theoretical stages of the first distillation column and has a value in the range of from 20 to 40; (b) drawing off a vapor stream at a stage in the range of from 0.55 to 0.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxirane compounds, which process comprises: (i) oxidizing an alkylaryl to obtain a stream comprising alkylaryl hydroperoxide, (ii) contacting at least a part of the alkylaryl hydroperoxide obtained in step (i) with an olefin in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a product stream comprising an oxirane compound and alkylaryl hydroxyl, (iii) optionally reacting part of the alkylaryl hydroperoxide obtained in step (i) to obtain a mixture comprising (a) phenol, and (b) a ketone and/or aldehyde, and (c) optionally by-products, (iv) separating oxirane compound from the product stream of step (ii) to obtain (a) a residual product stream and (b) oxirane, and (v) contacting at least a part of the residual product stream with hydrogen to obtain alkylaryl, wherein at least a part of said alkylaryl is recycled to step (i).

Abstract: A grafted polyolefin polymers having high polarity produced by grafting bi-functional N-substituted diacids to maleated or other functional group grafted polyolefin. The new polymers exhibit improved water miscibility, compatability and good adhesion to polar materials such as nylon, polyester, glass, and metal substrates.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of styrene comprising the gas phase dehydration of 1-phenyl-ethanol at elevated temperature in the presence of a dehydration catalyst, wherein the dehydration catalyst consists of shaped alumina catalyst particles having a surface area (BET) in the range of from 80 to 140 m2/g and a pore volume (Hg) in the range of from 0.35 to 0.65 ml/g, of which 0.03 to 0.15 ml/g is in pores having a diameter of at least 1000 nm.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a macramer suitable as a stabilizer precursor in a polymer polyol, which process comprises reacting a polyol with a cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride not containing any polymerizable double bond, and subsequently reacting the adduct thus obtained with an epoxide compound containing a polymerizable double bond. The macromers can be applied for the preparation of polymer polyols which are, in turn, very suitable for manufacturing flexible polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A biologically pure bacterial culture has been isolated by a dilution enrichment process from a mixed bacterial culture, obtained by the enrichment of an activated sludge taken from a biotreater for treating wastewater in a Chemical plant. The mixed bacterial culture is capable of degrading aerobically a branched alkyl ether or a branched alkyl alcohol, particularly a tertiary carbon atom-containing alkyl ether or alkyl alcohol, more particularly MTBE or t-butyl alcohol, to CO2. The biologically pure bacterial culture is capable of cleaving the ether linkage of methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) with the transient formation of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) which is subsequently degraded completely to CO2.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a synergistic nucleating package to promote the rapid crystallization of polymers from the melt. This facilitates the ease of fabrication of extruded or molded articles or otherwise shaped objects formed from the melt, including pelleted product from extrusion.

Abstract: The present invention provides water-borne adhesives and adhesive emulsions comprising: (1) 25 to 55 weight percent of a grafted polyolefin comprising the reaction product of (i) a polyolefin, (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having functionality capable of reacting with an amino group and (iii) an amino carboxylic acid; (2) a minor amount up to 10 weight percent of a surfactant; and (3) 55 to 80 weight percent water.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition comprising (a) an epoxy resin comprising a mixture of the following components: (1) about 50-95 parts by weight of a novolak type epoxy resin, and (2) about 5-50 parts by weight of 4,4′-biphenol type epoxy resin (b) a phenolic resin represented by the general formula (II) (where R, which may be the same or different, represents an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, an alkoxyl group or a halogen atom; Z, which may be the same or different, represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1-15 carbon atoms, provided that at least one Z is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 5-15 carbon atoms; n is a number of 0-8 on the average value; and i, which may be the same or different, is an integer of 0-3) as an epoxy resin hardener, (c) an inorganic filler, and (d) a curing accelerator.