Abstract: Organic compounds having aromatic ester, thioester, or carbonate groups are prepared by reacting an organometallic reactant where the metal is germanium, tin, lead, gallium, indium, thallium, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth with a suitable second reactant. For example, the ester ##STR1## is prepared by reacting the bis-tri--n-butyl tin derivative of ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate with 4-phenoxybenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: An electrode, preferably of a conductive polymer, has on its surface, preferably over all of its surface, an ion exchange material, preferably of significant thickness. Such a coated electrode may be used for sensing the presence or measuring the concentration of an ionic species, or for removal from or release of an ionic species into an electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is connected in series with a capacitor having a capacitance C.sub.0 such thatC.sub.1 <C.sub.0 <C.sub.2where C.sub.1 is the capacitance of the LCD at its threshold voltage and C.sub.2 is the capacitance of the LCD at its saturation voltage.

Abstract: A graphic artwork includes a thin film coating layer thereon which includes a copper oxide which is substantially opaque to ultraviolet light and partially transmissive to visible light and suitable for printing circuiting on a printed circuit board or for other graphic artwork. In the case where the thin film compound includes unoxidized copper, etching thereof to achieve a predetermined pattern on the graphic artwork is facilitated by using a mixture of ammonium chloride and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: An electrode, preferably of a conductive polymer, has on its surface, preferably over all of its surface, an ion exchange material, preferably of significant thickness. Such a coated electrode may be used for sensing the presence or measuring the concentration of an ionic species, or for removal from or release of an ionic species into an electrode.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerise together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: A varistor comprises a primary varistor metal oxide, aluminum in an amount of about 1 to about 30 parts per million (ppm), about 0.1 to about 0.5 mole % bismuth, about 0.1 to about 1.5 mole % antimony, about 0.1 to about 1 mole % chromium, about 0.1 to about 1.0 mole % manganese, about 0.1 to about 2.0 mole % cobalt, and about 0 to about 1.0 mole % boron. Each of these elements is present in the form of its oxide and the varistor has a DC leakage current at 80% of V.sub.1ma/cm.spsb.2 of less than 1.0.times.10.sup.-7 amp/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: Partially crystalline polyaryletherketones having improved glass transition temperature without unacceptably high melting temperature are produced by incorporating multi-ring aryl moieties (e.g. terphenyls of naphthyls) in the polymer backbone and mono-substituting those or other moieties in the backbone, or arranging the aryl multi-ring groups asymmetrically so as to kink the backbone.

Abstract: An article having a transparent conductive coating having predetermined interference reflectance and transmission properties substantially independent of its conductivity, comprising:(a) a substrate having a refractive index n.sub.0 and(b) a coating disposed over at least a portion of the substrate and consisting of:(i) at least one transparent dielectric layer having a refractive index n.sub.1 different from n.sub.0 ; and(ii) at least one transparent conductive layer having a refractive index substantially equal to n.sub.1, at least one of which has a thickness sufficient to provide a desired conductivity;the coating having a thickness such that it has predetermined interference reflectance and transmission properties substantially independent of its conductivity.

Abstract: A protected fiber optic waveguide comprising:(I) a core;(II) a cladding disposed on, around, and in contact with the exterior surface of the core; and(III) a buffer coating disposed on, around, and in contact with the exterior surface of the cladding, the buffer coating comprising a polysiloxane material comprising:(a) a polydimethylsiloxane and(b) a copolysiloxane comprising(i) a repeat unit selected from the group consisting of methylphenylsiloxane and diphenylsiloxane and(ii) a dimethylsiloxane repeat unit,the molar ratio of units (i) to units (ii) being between about 10:90 and about 80:20 if unit (i) is methylphenylsiloxane and between about 5:95 and about 50:50 if unit (i) is diphenylsiloxane;the weight ratio of polydimethylsiloxane (a) to copolysiloxane (b) being between about 5:95 and about 85:15.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a variety of engineering polymers and copolymers, in particular aromatic polymers and copolymers which comprises reacting a stannylated reactant containing a first monomeric or polymeric moiety with an electrophilic reactant, usually a di(acid chloride) containing a second monomeric or polymeric moiety. The intermediate and second compound react by way of a condensation reaction to eliminate the tin and polymerise together the first and second moieties. Some novel polymers and copolymers can be prepared using this method.

Abstract: A device for connecting two bodies such as wires, and for sealing the connection between them, comprising a heat-shrinkable sleeve, a solder insert and an annular composite adhesive insert which comprises two layers of heat-activatable adhesive material. The viscosity of the radially inner layer is less than that of the outer layer. The device is heated to cause the sleeve to shrink and to cause the solder to fuse to form a connection between the bodies. Flow of the inner, less viscous layer of the adhesive insert is restricted by the outer viscous layer, to minimize contamination of the solder by the material of the inner layer.

Abstract: A graphic artwork includes a thin film coating layer thereon which includes a copper oxide which is substantially opaque to ultraviolet light and partially transmissive to visible light and suitable for printing circuiting on a printed circuit board or for other graphic artwork. In the case where the thin film compound inlcudes unoxidized copper, etching thereof to achieve a predetermined pattern on the graphic artwork is facilitated by using a mixture of ammonium chloride and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The adherablility of a thin coating of a metal or semiconductor oxide, such as indium tin oxide or silicon dioxide, is improved by treating the coating with an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of an active oxygen compound such as sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A dimensionally heat-recoverable article has on one of its surfaces a heat-curable adhesive coating. The coating has a mixture of substantially solid particles of a first reactive component with separate substantially solid particles of at least a second reactive component, the first and second components being capable of reacting together to effect curing of the coating when the heat-recoverable article is heated to its recovery temperature. The particles have a size distribution in which not more than 40% by weight of the particles are less than 50 micrometers in size and at least 90% by weight of the particles are less than 300 micrometers in size.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel curable compositions comprising (a) a first component comprising an aromatic polymer having a first preponderant repeat unit and (b) a second component comprising an acetylene, maleimide, or vinyl terminated poly(imide) or poly(isoimide) or precursor thereof, which second component is compatible with the first component, has 1 to 300 second preponderant repeat units which are different from the first preponderant repeat units of the first component, is substantially free of elemental sulfur and reactive divalent sulfur, and is present in an amount effective to substantially cure the composition. The compositions are useful as adhesives, coatings and matrix resins for fiber reinforced composites. They exhibit improved adhesion to various substrates, increased tensile strength and improved resistance to cracking. The invention also relates to the composition which contains a reinforcing filler. The invention also relates to the composition after it has been cured.

Abstract: Bonding between a metallic conductor and a substrate is improved by using a primer layer having a graded composition which continuously varies from a composition predominant in a metal which bonds well to the substrate at the substrate-primer layer interface to a composition predominant in the metal of the conductor at the conductor-primer layer interface. Specifically, the bonding characteristics of copper to polyimide substrate are improved by using a chromium-copper graded composition primer layer which is chromium-rich at the substrate-primer layer interface and copper-rich at the conductor-primer layer interface.

Abstract: Polymers of low surface energy, particularly fluoropolymers, may be surface treated by deposition of thin layer of carbon, particularly by magnetron sputtering. Such surface treating improved bondability and printability.

Abstract: Poly(arylene ether ketones) are prepared by a Friedel-Crafts polymerization wherein a gelled reaction mixture is produced, by permitting the polymerization to proceed in a first reactor until substantial partial polymerization has occurred, but before substantial gelation of the reaction mixture; transferring the partially polymerized reaction mixture into a piston-equipped second reactor; permitting polymerization to continue in the second reactor until a gelled, polymerized reaction mixture has been obtained; and discharging the polymerized reaction mixture from the second reactor by stroking the piston.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic polyketone which comprises polymerizing an appropriate monomer or monomers by a Friedel-Crafts polymerization reaction using a Lewis acid catalyst. A controlling agent such as a Lewis base may be added to the reaction medium and/or the reaction is conducted under specified conditions to control the reaction. The reaction medium comprises, for example, aluminum trichloride as the Lewis acid, an organic Lewis base such as N,N-dimethylformamide or an inorganic Lewis base such as sodium or lithium chloride, and a diluent such as methylene chloride or dichloroethane. The amount of Lewis acid, the amount of Lewis base, the temperature of the reaction and the monomer to diluent molar ratio are varied depending on the monomer system to obtain melt-processable, high molecular weight, substantially linear polymers, for example poly(carbonyl-p-phenylene-oxy-p-phenylene), poly(carbonyl-p-phenylene-oxy-p-phenylene-oxy-p-phenylene), and the like.