Abstract: Custom in-ear monitors (headsets, headphones, earbuds, hearing aids) having improved audio fidelity characteristics and improved manufacturability are constructed by designing a virtual three-dimensional model housing including sound and vent tubes, and equipment mounting receptacles and clips; and fabricating the housing substantially simultaneously or all-in-one-go using, e.g., a 3D printer. The sound and vent tubes comprise features such as inflection points and profile variations that are impossible to construct using traditional subtractive manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Custom in-ear monitors (headsets, headphones, earbuds, hearing aids) having improved audio fidelity characteristics and improved manufacturability are constructed by designing a virtual three-dimensional model housing including sound and vent tubes, and equipment mounting receptacles and clips; and fabricating the housing substantially simultaneously or all-in-one-go using, e.g., a 3D printer. The sound and vent tubes comprise features such as inflection points and profile variations that are impossible to construct using traditional subtractive manufacturing processes.

Abstract: In-ear monitors, earphones and noise-attenuating earplugs are provided with a vent to improve insertion, removal and wearing comfort, and to protect delicate audio drivers from excessive pressure excursions. The vent is fitted with a pressure-management material such as a viscoelastic open-cell foam to control the rate at which air can pass through the vent. The pressure-management material permits tuning of the vent to achieve acoustically flat attenuation of ambient sound.