Abstract: A single component sag-free liquid ebonite composition having silane coupling agents selected to chemically bond and convert liquid unsaturated rubber to alkoxy functionality, to consume and scavenge moisture originally present in the mixture, and to react with sulfur during vulcanization. The single component liquid ebonite composition is moisture activated and is particularly useful for coating applications in protecting metal from corrosion and chemical attack. In some embodiments, the liquid ebonite composition having a total mass percentage of 100 is mainly composed of liquid unsaturated rubber, sulfur, a vulcanization activator, a vulcanization accelerator, a first silane, a second silane, and a third silane. With the right reactive functional group, the third silane can replace the first or second silane. In some embodiments, the liquid ebonite composition includes a catalyst, carbon black, fillers, additives, and a diluent or solvent.

Abstract: Overall, ebonite coatings or elastomeric linings are not recommended for direct immersion in sulfuric acid with higher than 65% concentration. By blending a chemical resistant epoxy resin to an ebonite coating, the resulting epoxy ebonite composition can be employed in more severe environment such as direct immersion in >65% sulfuric acid. In particular, the present invention provides a blend of an epoxy coating with an ebonite coating with a mix ratio of 95/5 to 5/95, the resulting epoxy ebonite composition of which has greatly increased adhesion to steel and excellent resistance to undercut corrosion when subjected to salt spray. The epoxy ebonite composition according to the present invention can be used as coatings, adhesives, encapsulants or sealants and is particularly useful as industrial coatings that are subject to wide temperature variations, salt contamination or chemical attack.

Abstract: Overall, ebonite coatings or elastomeric linings are not recommended for direct immersion in sulfuric acid with higher than 65% concentration. By blending a chemical resistant epoxy resin to an ebonite coating, the resulting epoxy ebonite composition can be employed in more severe environment such as direct immersion in >65% sulfuric acid. In particular, the present invention provides a blend of an epoxy coating with an ebonite coating with a mix ratio of 95/5 to 5/95, the resulting epoxy ebonite composition of which has greatly increased adhesion to steel and excellent resistance to undercut corrosion when subjected to salt spray. The epoxy ebonite composition according to the present invention can be used as coatings, adhesives, encapsulants or sealants and is particularly useful as industrial coatings that are subject to wide temperature variations, salt contamination or chemical attack.

Abstract: A formulation to produce urethane linkages reacts cyclocarbonate groups with diamines. Aliphatic polyhydroxyl precursor molecules are first epoxidized. The invention does not require complete epoxidation, as it makes use of the un-epoxidized hydroxyl groups of the precursor molecule. These hydroxyl groups are combined with isocyanate groups of prepolymer molecules to form urethane links. The use of prepolymers increases the networking, flexibility, and impact-resistance of the final product. The known formulations for amine hardeners also require complete carbonation of the epoxy groups to form reactive cyclocarbonate groups, which are reacted with diamines to form an amine hardener. In the proposed invention, both cyclocarbonate and epoxy groups are used to combine with the different diamine molecules by making use of the different reactivities of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic amine groups.

Abstract: An ebonite tape for coating metal substrates is made either of a single component mixture or a two-component mixture. A single component mixture includes unsaturated polymers, a sulfur vulcanization agent, a sulfur solubilizer, a vulcanization accelerator, and a vulcanization activator. Preferably, the sulfur solubilizer is polyamine, and the vulcanization accelerator is tetramethylthiuram disulfide. Reaction of polyamine and tetramethylthiuram disulfide causes a gelation in the mixture at ambient condition. A two-component mixture includes first and second components. First component includes first unsaturated polymers having first functional groups capable of reaction at ambient temperature, a sulfur vulcanization agent, and a vulcanization activator. Second component includes second unsaturated polymers having second functional groups that will react with first functional groups of the first unsaturated polymers at ambient condition, which causes a gelation in the mixture.

Abstract: A liquid ebonite mixture for coating includes two reactive components. The first component contains first unsaturated polymers having first functional groups capable of reaction at ambient condition either with or without a catalyst, a vulcanization agent, and a vulcanization activator. The second component contains second unsaturated polymers having second functional groups that will react with the first functional groups at ambient temperature. The first and the second unsaturated polymers must contain sufficient unsaturated backbones to allow vulcanization with the vulcanization agent. In addition, the second unsaturated polymers must be thermodynamically compatible with the first unsaturated polymers so that macroscopic phase separation will not occur and the vulcanization can happen homogeneously through out the coating.

Abstract: In a protective coating formulation requiring the use of polyamine molecules, oleic acid is used as a very effective additive to remove any excess polyamines. The carboxyl groups of the oleic acid molecules react with the amine groups of the polyamines to form a harmless amide molecule. The oleic acid thus removes excess pollutants from the final coating. In addition, the oleic acid reduces the viscosity of the coating before curing, making it easier to apply to surfaces, and decreases the curing time necessary. However, the addition of oleic acid does not affect the beneficial characteristics of the coating in any way.