Abstract: An alternative system and method for charging to provide audio visual services typically made available by providers, namely DVR services, rDVR services, on-demand services, broadcast and switch video television services, and pay-per-view services, for example. A customer/user may be enabled to access certain services from a provider in exchange for viewing one or more commercials, advertisements, overlays, watermarks, logos, or the like, preferably in real time, before, during, or following viewing an audio visual work provided in accordance with the services.

Abstract: An alternative system and method for charging to provide audio visual services typically made available by providers, namely DVR services, rDVR services, on-demand services, broadcast and switch video television services, and pay-per-view services, for example. A customer/user may be enabled to access certain services from a provider in exchange for viewing one or more commercials, advertisements, overlays, watermarks, logos, or the like, preferably in real time, before, during, or following viewing an audio visual work provided in accordance with the services.

Abstract: A residential de-icing apparatus, system and method. The apparatus, system and method include a first saline solution having a salinity in a range of 150-360 ppt, a residential container having a volume in a range of 2-5 gallons, a second saline solution resident in the residential container and having a salinity in a range of 30 ppt-250 ppt, wherein the second saline solution results from a mixing of the first saline solution with a volume of water, and a hand-held output nozzle physically associated with the residential container for dispersing the second saline solution at a rate in a range of 6-12 gallons per ¼ mile.