Abstract: Methods of inhibiting endosomal trafficking of PD-L1, inducing PD-L1 secretion via exosomes, decreasing PD-L1 level at a surface of a cancer or tumor cell, and treating a cancer or tumor through promoting T cell immune response in a subject suffering from a cancer or tumor, includes the step of administering a compound of Formula I to various cells. Also, a composition to treat a cancer or a tumor, includes a compound of Formula I and an anti-PD-1 antibody.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from a flavivirus infection by administering an effective amount of berbamine or its analogue to the subject, berbamine has a structure of Formula (I), wherein the flavivirus infection is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus or Dengue virus. A method of inhibiting the entry of a flavivirus, an enterovirus and/or a lentivirus into host cells includes contacting the host cells with an effective amount of berbamine of its analogue, berbamine has a structure of Formula (I), wherein the flavivirus is Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus or Dengue virus.