Abstract: Systems and methods for interoperability are disclosed which allow for a user of one network to communicate seamlessly with a user of another network. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a network bridge is provided. The network bridge may comprise a number of gateways and adapters for handling multiple protocols. In one embodiment an application bridge comprising an application server may be used to service communications while a billing bridge may be provided to control and charge network subscribers. Users are provided seamless access to data services in different networks without having to subscribe to those networks.