Abstract: The invention relates to a method and assembly for decreasing problems, especially odor hazards and interference with pump action, caused by residual or reaction gases, evolved or picked up in gas washers and various other partial process apparatuses of a pulp process. Residual or reaction gases and/or gases harmful to the carrying out of a process or to the environment are separated from liquid or fiber pulp suspension by means of a deaerating pump which advances the flow of liquid or fiber pulp suspension, separates said gases from said liquid or fiber pulp and vents said gases to outside said process apparatus. The invention concerns in general the use of a deaerating pump for a variety of purposes in the pulp and paper industry for eliminating gas problems.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor uses fluid conduits for supplying fluids (such as liquid, gaseous, or fine solid material in suspension fuels), into a reactor chamber. The fluid conduits extend horizontally from, and substantially perpendicularly to, a side wall into the reactor chamber. The fluid conduits are disposed at a level (e.g. about 100-1000 mm) above the fluidizing gas nozzles in the bottom of the reactor chamber. An upright partition, preferably of refractory material, covers the fluid conduits.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for dividing the flow of fiber suspensions of the pulp and paper industry in which the fiber suspension is caused to flow into a space uniting the inlet and the outlet flows and in which space a vortex flow is created to prevent the suspension from forming a strong fiber network and from causing blockage of the system. The pressure of the suspension further is increased so that the suspension flowing into the apparatus need not be pressurized. The apparatus includes a vortex chamber provided with one inlet and several outlets, at least one of the outlets is preferably provided with a device for regulating the flow through the outlet. The apparatus further includes a rotor for moving the suspension through the several outlets towards further processing devices.

Abstract: A method of defiberizing fibrous cellulosic material bound by chemical bonds and physical force comprising treating the fibrous cellulosic material in a treatment apparatus so as to loosen the chemical bonds between the fibers but to leave the bonds caused by physical force essentiall undisburbed to generate treated fiber accumulations and removing a stream of the treated fiber accumulations from said treatment apparatus and defiberting the treated fiber accumulations by subjecting the material to shear forces in the stream, the shear forces being of sufficient strenth to substantiallyl break the physical forces keeping the fibers together and to separate the fibers.

Abstract: A method of removing liquid from a thickener, a filter, a washer or the like water-separating device obviates the need for the conventional use of a long drop leg and large filtrate tank. On an upstream face of a liquid-pervious member, a layer of liquid-containing substance is formed. At a downstream face of the liquid-pervious member, a negative pressure (e.g. partial vacuum) is generated to induce the flow of a liquid or a liquid-and-gas filtrate from the liquid-containing layer through the liquid-pervious member. The filtrate is conducted from the vicinity of the downstream face of the liquid-pervious to an inlet of a filtrate pump; such conducting of filtrate is carried out through an enclosed flow passage whereby the filtrate pump generates at least a portion of the negative pressure at the downstream face of the liquid-pervious member. An apparatus for likewise removing filtrate from a thickener, a filter, a washer or the like industrial filtering device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating fiber suspension is especially applicable for pulp screening in the wood processing industry, particularly for the separation of light particles from fiber suspensions. The apparatus comprises an outer casing with conduits for inlet pulp, accepts, heavier rejects and lighter rejects; a filter cylinder and a rotor, the surface of which is provided with at least one protrusion; and an opening for guiding the light rejects through the surface of the rotor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treating of fiber suspensions in the pulp and paper industry and particularly to a method and apparatus for washing fiber suspensions.The method is characterized in that the fiber suspension is fed into the treatment apparatus, the desired process is carried out and the suspension is discharged from the apparatus in such a way that the fiber suspension is fed directly from the pipework to the treatment ducts mounted between the end plates of the rotational parts of the washer thus forming substantially extensions of the pipework. The fiber suspension is treated in the ducts and thereafter the treated suspension is discharged from the ducts by feeding yet untreated suspension to the apparatus.The apparatus includes a plurality of axially elongated treatment ducts (9) arranged in the form of a ring around an axis of rotation. The ducts are radially limited by filter surfaces (10, 11) and in the direction of the end walls divided by partition walls (8).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the treatment of a gas containing fiber suspension in the pulp and paper industry, especially for increasing the capacity of a screening department, a washing department, a thickening department, a press, a curved screen, or the like, includes the simultaneous separation and removal of the gases prior to the respective treatment stage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat treatment of lime mud comprises drying of the lime mud to be introduced into the lime reburning kiln in a pneumatic dryer by means of flue gases discharged from the lime reburning kiln in order to regenerate the lime content of the lime mud. From a drying filter, the lime mud thickened to a dry solids content of over 75%, preferably to 80%, is introduced into a feed chamber through which an adjustment portion of the flue gas is conducted. Depending on the gas amount, 100% or less of the lime mud is entrained with the gas into the dryer, the remaining portion falling into the lower section of the feed chamber, wherefrom it is further transferred into the lime reburning kiln.

Abstract: Paper pulp is produced from small chips (e.g. having a smallest dimension of between about 1 and 5 mm), which may be more easily penetrated by the treatment liquids resulting in a more uniform Kappa distribution which makes it possible to cook to lower Kappa numbers without losing strength. The chips are steamed and then impregnated with sulfur containing liquor in an impregnation vessel having a conveyor. The conveyor, such as an endless belt with baffles, moves the chips through the liquor rather than trying to circulate the liquor. From the impregnation vessel the chips move to the top of an upright digester where they are steamed, and then are subjected to digesting conditions, entrained in white liquor, in the digester and discharged from the bottom. The digester has smooth side walls, devoid of screens and circulation loops.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treating of fiber suspensions in the pulp and paper industry and particularly to a method and apparatus for washing fiber suspensions.The method is characterized in that the fiber suspension is fed into the treatment apparatus, the desired process is carried out and the suspension is discharged from the apparatus in such a way that the fiber suspension is fed directly from the conduit to the treatment ducts mounted between the end plates of the rotational parts of the washer thus forming substantially extensions of the conduit. The fiber suspension is treated in the ducts and thereafter the treated suspension is discharged from the ducts by feeding yet untreated suspension to the apparatus.The apparatus includes a plurality of axially elongated treatment ducts (9) arranged in the form of a ring around an axis of rotation. The ducts are radially limited by filter surfaces (10, 11) and in the direction of the end walls divided by partition walls (8).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering black liquor chemicals and heat in a sulphate pulp process. The black liquor is concentrated in an evaporation plant, which includes a pressure heating reactor, after which the black liquor is gasified or combusted in a reactor for producing hot gases. The hot gases formed in the reactor are introduced into gas turbine power plant. The exhaust gases from the gas turbine are introduced into a waste heat boiler, where steam is generated for a steam turbine power plant. Secondary steam is led from the pressure heating reactor as injection steam into the gas turbine, to control inlet temperature.

Abstract: A method of treating a fiber suspension in a disc-type pulp treatment apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes a pressure-proof casing with an inlet for the fiber suspension and a discharge for treated suspension and filtrate, a shaft rotating inside the casing an a plurality of discs arranged on the shaft, and wherein the discs are formed of sectors having filter surfaces between which surfaces is a liquid compartment communicating with the liquid discharge. The method includes feeding the fiber suspension to be treated overpressurized into the casing, filling the casing up with the fiber suspension, carrying out the treatment in a closed airless space and discharging the pulp from the casing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating zinc concentrates in order to recover zinc. The method includes an oxidizing and smelting stage (10) and, subsequent to the smelting stage, a fuming stage (20) in which the zinc-oxide-containing slag formed in the smelting stage is so reduced as to remove the metallic zinc with the exhaust gases (28). Part of the reduced slag is discharged during the fuming stage, another part (32) is recirculated to the smelting stage. In accordance with a preferable method, the slag is reduced in two successive fuming stages (20, 40). In an apparatus according to the invention, the slag circulation between the fuming and smelting stages is facilitated by overflows arranged in the partition walls (19) between the various stages.

Abstract: An apparatus for screening pulp comprises a vessel, a cylindrical screen within the vessel, a rotor moving in the vicinity of the screen at a predetermined speed, an inlet for the unscreened pulp, an outlet for the screened pulp in the vessel. The rotor is non-cylindrical, for instance, elliptical, triangular, and in general, is multi-cam. The rotor has a contour surface which is achieved by attaching bars of the contoured shape to the surface of the rotor, for instance by welding. According to one embodiment, the contour surface of the rotor is discontinuous. The bars form a plurality of spaced protrusions instead of a single protrusion along the entire axial length of the rotor.

Abstract: In a hospital bed comprising a body (4) provided with wheels, a transfer underlay frame (24) for a patient, a lying or resting frame (17), which can be lifted and lowered down, lifting means (30) for the lying frame, and bearer means (15, 20) for a transfer underlay frame; the bearer means comprise two U-shaped bearer rods (15) disposed side by side and turnable in the body, the upper and the lower arms (15b, 15c) of which are interconnected through articulated joints (18, 22) by a transverse support (16, 21) so as to secure a parallel turn of the arms aside. A bearer beam (20) is secured to the upper transverse support (21) and wheels (19) to the lower support (16). The invention allows a sideways transfer of a patient on a transfer underlay supported by straps (26, 28) secured to a bearer beam, without changing the direction. Wheels (19) provided in the bearer rods (15) move simultaneously to the same direction which ensures that the bed (2) is properly supported during all stages of the transfer.

Abstract: A hydrocyclone apparatus is described for removing coarse particles, such as sand, metal chips, etc., from a fiber suspension liquid, whereby the apparatus separates coarser particles from the so called reject obtained from the cleaning process. The apparatus thus enables the reutilization of the reject, thus salvaging the remaining fiber material. The apparatus comprises a hydrocyclone installed in a cylinder, into which the reject flows out, with the entrained heavier and coarser particles, which settle out and are gathered at the bottom of the cylinder for discharge. The liquid rising in the cylinder flows through an overflow outlet to a separate side cylinder, which is open to the atmosphere, in which chamber further settling takes place. An inwardly extending pipe is arranged to extend in the reject nozzle of the cyclone from the upper portion of the auxiliary chamber.

Abstract: The grid plate is disposed between the fluidized bed reactor chamber and an underlying wind box and includes a plurality of nozzles for feeding fluidizing gas from the wind box into the reaction chamber. The nozzles are configured to afford different pressure drops across the grid such that with increasing pressure, additional nozzles are actuated in response to increasing pressure differences across the plate whereby fluidized bed start-up and steady state operating conditions may be facilitated.

Abstract: A method of freezing and separation for concentrating solutions, such as waste waters of the process industry, by means of waste heat of the same process, by freezing the solution in a crystallizer operating at the triple point, by transferring the ice crystals produced thereby into a melter, by absorbing the cold vapor generated in the crystallizer into an absorber of a first absorption heat pump, said absorber being cooled by cooling water, by evaporating a corresponding amount of vapor in a generator of the absorption heat pump, said generator being heated by the waste heat of the process and, by melting the ice crystals by this vapor.

Abstract: A pressurized boiler assembly (e.g. with a circulating fluidized bed combustion chamber), including a pressure vessel pressurized to about 7-30 bar, has a minimum height, minimum number of through extending openings in the pressure vessel, and maximum accessibility to the controls and adjustments for the boiler. A steam drum is mounted by a flange joint above the boiler so that it extends horizontally, with the main body of the steam drum with the pressure vessel, but with a first end of the steam drum exteriorly of the vessel. The control and adjustment elements for the boiler, such as safety valves, pressure indicators, and water gauges, are mounted to the first end of the steam drum, exteriorly of the pressure vessel. A superheater having a discharge conduit is also mounted within the vessel below the steam drum, and the first end of the steam drum and the superheater discharge conduit are essentially the only elements associated with the boiler water and steam system passing through the pressure vessel.