Abstract: A mixing and kneading tool for a motor-driven shaft of a mixing and kneading machine has two blades having a common axis of rotation and located adjacent to one another in an axial direction. The blades are offset relative to one another in a direction of rotation by an angle equal to substantially 180.degree.. The blades together have a shape, as considered in a direction transverse to the axis, which substantially corresponds to the curve of a full period sine function. The blades may be mounted on a sleeve-shaped supporting member which can be fitted over the shaft of the machine. The blades together have a contour resembling a seemingly closed curve, as considered in the axial direction.

Abstract: Producing a confection from seed vessels, by forming a mixture of sugar and cimminuted seed vessels, directly introducing steam into this mixture to heat it-to at most 120.degree. C. and kneading to develop a throughly mixed mass. Subsequently the mixed mass is cooled to 50.degree. C. and fashioned into a confection.

Abstract: A method of making confectioneries, particularly hard and soft caramel and jelly and gum products, by combining regulated quantities of the ingredients and mixing. During the mixing operation, steam is admitted into the mass of ingredients so as to directly heat the same for cooking of the ingredients. The mixing operation is carried out with rotary elements which rotate at speeds between 1500 and 3000 revolutions per minute.

Abstract: A dough mixing and kneading machine wherein a horizontal drum has a sealable inlet opening at the top and a sealable outlet opening at the bottom. One end wall of the drum is pivotable to and from an open position and carries an L-shaped tool which sweeps along its inner side and along the internal surface of the cylindrical main section of the drum when the machine is in use. The tool is coaxial with the main section of the drum and is driven by a motor which is mounted at the outer side of the pivotable end wall. A second motor drives a shaft which extends into the drum below the axis of the main section and carries several angularly offset propellers which move the constituents of dough axially and radially of the main section.