Abstract: A combined installation configured as a single-shaft installation with common shafting (1) consists essentially of a gas turbine, a steam turbine, the generator (10), which is located between them, and the associated auxiliary systems (12). The generator (10) and the associated auxiliary systems (12) are arranged on a slab (8) which can be displaced transverse to the common shafting (1).

Abstract: In a fuel supply system with premixing combustion, a gaseous and/or liquid fuel is introduced as a secondary flow into a gaseous, ducted main flow. The secondary flow has a substantially smaller mass flow than the main flow. The main flow is guided via vortex generators (9) of which a plurality are arranged adjacent to one another over the periphery of the duct (20), through which flow takes place, on at least one duct wall. The secondary flow is fed into the duct (20) in the immediate region of the vortex generators (9). A vortex generator (9) has three surfaces around which flow takes place freely, which surfaces extend in the flow direction, one of them forming the top surface (10) and the two others forming the side surfaces (11, 13). The fuel is fed into the duct from nozzles which are located before, behind or in the vortex generator.

Abstract: In a vertical-axis waterpower machine, the shaft is mounted in a bearing-supporting star. It has a track ring for a supporting bearing. Supporting-bearing segments are supported via adjusting elements on a supporting ring firmly connected to the bearing-supporting star. To simplify the construction and improve the accessibility of the adjusting elements, the latter are designed as rocking levers. The rocking levers act as single-armed or double-armed levers and are elastic in the lever longitudinal direction.

Abstract: In a gas turbine combustion chamber cooled by means of impingement and convection cooling or pure convection cooling, a compensating flow of the cooling air is guided between adjacent cooling ducts (2) in such a way that the flow velocity in the cooling duct (2) always exceeds a critical limiting value even downstream of a local damage location (6) so that the temperature is less than a critical limiting value. The compensating flow is led past the combustion chamber outer wall. Connecting openings (5) are arranged between adjacent cooling ducts (2) and are respectively offset on the opposite sides of the cooling duct (2).

Abstract: During operation, DC arc furnaces (8) produce undesired reactive load fluctuations which are compensated by means of a power factor compensator (31). An AC power controller (28) of the power factor compensator (31) is controlled as a function of a stabilization striking angle signal (.alpha..sub.st) which is controlled in accordance with the reactive power of filter branches (4, 4') by a function generator (26) as a function of a desired reactive power signal (Q.sub.des8), of a reactive power actual value signal (Q.sub.8) of the arc furnace (8) and of a filter reactive power signal (Q.sub.F). The desired reactive power signal (Q.sub.des8) is formed by means of a phase-angle controller (35) as a function of a total current intensity (i.sub.33) which, in addition to the current actual value (i.sub.act) of the arc furnace (8) also comprises the current of the filter branches (4, 4') and that of any auxiliaries.

Abstract: In the case of a ceramic lining for combustion spaces, comprising at least one wall panel (3) of high temperature resistant structural ceramic with at least one through-opening (6) and comprising one fastening element (4) per opening (6), the fastening element (4) being fastened by its foot in a metallic holding device (5) fastened on the metallic supporting wall (1), and the head of the fastening element (4) resting in the opening (6) of the wall panel (3), and there being an insulating layer (2) arranged between the metallic supporting wall (1) and the ceramic wall panel (3), the fastening element (4) consists of high temperature resistant structural ceramic. The wall panel (3) is drawn-in in the direction of the metallic supporting wall (1) in the region of the opening (6) and the fastening element (4) is resiliently linked to a special holding device (5).

Abstract: In a gas turbine combustion chamber cooled by means of impingement and convection cooling or pure convection cooling, a compensating flow of the cooling air is guided between adjacent cooling ducts (2) in such a way that the flow velocity in the cooling duct (2) always exceeds a critical limiting value even downstream of a local damage location (6) so that the temperature is less than a critical limiting value. The compensating flow is led past the combustion chamber outer wall. Connecting openings (5) are arranged between adjacent cooling ducts (2) and are respectively offset on the opposite sides of the cooling duct (2).

Abstract: When operating, DC arc furnaces generate undesired reactive load fluctuations which are compensated without special compensation reactance by a reactive power controller. As compensation reactance, use is made of inductors, which are always present and via which the arc furnace is fed by rectifiers. A current controller is connected to the rectifiers via a first summer. On the input side, the first summer is further operationally connected to the output of the reactive power controller and, as the case may be, to an AC--AC converter which supplies a signal proportional to the power supply voltage (U.sub.xN). In addition, it is possible to provide an inverter which is connected in parallel with the arc furnace on the DC side and which is operationally connected on the AC side to a feeding AC power supply network (N) via a stabilization transformer or via auxiliary windings of a furnace transformer, and to the output of the reactive power controller on the control side.

Abstract: In a method for cooling thermally loaded components of a gas turbine group as part of a combined installation which, in addition, also consists of a waste heat steam generator and a steam cycle, a quantity of saturated steam is extracted from a drum of the steam cycle. The components mentioned, namely the combustion chamber and the turbine, are cooled in series by this saturated steam and the steam is subsequently returned to a steam turbine of the steam cycle at an appropriate location. The steam, from the steam turbine, employed for cooling is moderated, if required, with a proportion of water from the waste heat steam generator upstream of the components to be cooled.

Abstract: In the case of a combustion chamber which is respectively arranged upstream of and downstream of a fluid-flow machine and which essentially comprises an inflow duct (5) and a downstream premixing and combustion zone (5a), a fuel (11) is injected into the combustion air (4) coming from the fluid-flow machine acting upstream after the combustion air (4) flows through vortex generators (200). The injection (7a, 7b) of the fuel (11) into the premixing and combustion zone (5a) is effected in varying direction and quantity. The hot gases from the combustion of the aforesaid mixture form a temperature-graduated front (8), the minimum temperature of which corresponds fluidically with the base of the blades to be acted upon of the fluid-flow machine (2) . arranged downstream. The fuel (11) can be assisted with assisting air (12).

Abstract: A combined installation configured as a single-shaft installation with common shafting (1) consists essentially of a gas turbine, a steam turbine, the generator (10), which is located between them, and the associated auxiliary systems (12). The generator (10) and the associated auxiliary systems (12) are arranged on a slab (8) which can be displaced transverse to the common shafting (1).

Abstract: In operation, DC arc furnaces produce reactive load fluctuations which lead to undesirable flickering phenomena especially in a frequency range from 2 Hz-20 Hz. In order to reduce these flickering phenomena, comparatively fast reactive power regulation is superimposed on slow current regulation of the DC arc furnace which is controlled by rectifiers. In consequence, the use of a reactive-power compensator to compensate for reactive power fluctuations in superfluous.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a combustion chamber for autoignition of a fuel includes spraying fuel into a hot gas through a plurality of fuel lances disposed in a mixing zone of a combustion chamber for autoignition of the fuel. The fuel lances are supplied with fuel as two individually supplied groups. Fuel is supplied first to a first group of lances and increased to reach an intermediate operating temperature of about 1100.degree. C. The fuel supply to the second group is then activated, and the fuel supply increased to reach the same intermediate operating temperature with the second group. After both groups are operating at the intermediate temperature, the fuel supply to both groups is simultaneously increased to reach the operating temperature of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A gas turbine apparatus that can be operated selectively in a simple cycle or in a combined steam turbine cycle increases the efficiency of the installation and provides easy switch-over from the simple cycle to the combined cycle, and at the same time provides for cooling the cooling air for the gas turbine. The gas turbine and waste-heat boiler are connected by a transition piece. A heat exchanger for cooling the cooling air is disposed in a duct connected to the transition piece for introducing a gaseous medium for mixing with the gas turbine exhaust. The gaseous medium cools the cooling air and is accordingly heated. The heated gaseous medium is mixed with the exhaust gas of the turbine, and the mixture directed to the waste heat boiler to generate steam for the steam turbine for operating in the combined cycle. A simply operated duct selectively directs the flow of the mixture.

Abstract: In a compressor (1), in particular for a gas turbine, which compressor includes a rotor (3), which is rotatably supported about a compressor center line and possesses at its periphery a plurality of rotor blades (5a-d), and a compressor casing (2), which concentrically surrounds the rotor (3), a radial clearance being provided between the outer ends of the rotor blades (5a-d) and the inner wall of the compressor casing (2), the possibility of a warm start without sacrificing efficiency is achieved by configuring the compressor casing (2) so that it can be heated in order to reduce the fluctuations in the radial clearance and by connecting it to a separate heating appliance (22, 25, 27), which is independent of the operation of the compressor and by means of which the compressor casing can be heated in the case of a warm start.

Abstract: A digital input is disclosed for supplying a digital signal representing the occurrence of a special event, such as a malfunction, to a recording device. The present invention can be advantageously used in a distribution network for electrical energy, in which the special event triggers the actuation of a switch in a switchgear. The digital input has two first current terminals, to which direct current is applied from an external voltage source. Two second current terminals are connected to a sensor element, for example an auxiliary contact of the switchgear, which outputs the digital signal when the special event occurs. An electrical circuit is also connected to the two second current terminals and carries the digital signal to an optocoupler which provides electrical isolation. The digital input furthermore has a device for converting the direct current supplied from outside the device into a direct current which is electrically isolated therefrom.

Abstract: In a combustion chamber (14) of a gas-turbine group which is arranged downstream of a first turbine (11) and upstream of a second turbine (12) and has a burnerless combustion space, extending between the outflow plane of the first turbine (11) and the oncoming-flow plane of the second turbine (12), and a fuel injector (2) which comprises a fuel-nozzle holder (8), extending transversely to the main flow (1) approximately up to the center axis, and a fuel nozzle (9) arranged in the direction of flow in the center axis and connected to the fuel-nozzle holder (8), the combustion chamber (14) working with premixing combustion, and the inlet temperature of the exhaust gas of the first turbine (11) into the combustion chamber (14) being above the self-ignition temperature of the fuel (13), the fuel injector (2) has means for simultaneously evening out the velocity profile and for lowering the temperature of the flow in the wake region.

Abstract: In the case of a gas-cooled electrical machine, the effective flow cross-section of the connection from the outer hot-gas chambers to the cooler is provided with an adjustable restrictor device (29, 31; 32, 33). In this way, the splitting of the various cooling-air flows within the machine can be influenced, without intervention in the actual machine, such that equalization of the temperature level in the machine longitudinal direction is achieved.

Abstract: A surge arrester includes at least two connection fittings and a one-piece frame, the frame holding the connection fittings. The frame is formed of an insulating material. The surge arrester includes at least one block of varistor material clamped between the connection fittings. The surge arrester further includes an insulating material in which the frame, the block of varistor material and at least part of the connection fittings are cast to form a monolithic body. An arrangement is provided for maintaining a contact force between the connection fittings and the block of varistor material.

Abstract: An arrangement for sealing the slots, which are filled with conductor bars or coils, in the laminated stator core of an electrical machine by use of slot sealing elements includes an upper prismatic body, on whose underneath a surface runs in an inclined manner, and a lower prismatic body. The upper surface, facing the upper body, runs inclined in the opposite direction to the gradient of the lower surface of the upper body, and actual wedging is effected by relative displacement of the two prismatic bodies with respect to one another.In order to be able to utilize the elasticity of the upper body in the transverse direction in an optimum manner, the force is introduced from the conductor bar or coil to the upper prismatic body, essentially only in its central section, over its entire length. As a consequence, relatively large spring movements in the radial direction are available which, for their part, can compensate better for a seating phenomena in the winding structure.