Abstract: The present disclosure relates to condition monitoring of wireless networks in industrial plant, wherein a wireless network has two or more wired gateways and a plurality of access nodes connected wirelessly with at least one wired gateway. Here, each access node is associated with at least one field device of the industrial plant. The condition monitoring is performed with an industrial device connected with the two or more wired gateways. The condition monitoring comprises periodically receiving information associated with packet transfer, channel access, and connection links for each node of the plurality of access nodes and each wired gateway. One or more parameters are estimated based on the received information, to determine connectivity status of the field devices in the industrial plant. The connectivity status is rendered on a user interface of an industrial device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a flexible conductor for connecting a main blade and a base of a disconnector. The flexible conductor includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is fixed to the base and adapted to bend in a first plane in response to a rotation of the main blade about a first axis; and the second portion is connected to the first portion and fixed to the main blade, the second portion adapted to bend in a second plane substantially perpendicular to the first plane in response to twisting of the main blade about a second axis; wherein the flexible conductor is operable to maintain an electrical connection between the main blade and the base when the main blade rotates and twists with respect to the base to open or close the disconnector.

Abstract: Non-liquid immersed transformers and methods of measuring aging degree of the transformers' insulation are disclosed. The transformers comprise a solid insulation inside the conductive coil and one or more floating electrodes in the solid insulation. At least a part of the conductive coil and the one or more floating electrodes may form one or more capacitive elements, respectively. An electrical parameter, e.g. complex permittivity, of the capacitive element is measured and the aging degree is calculated as a function of the electrical parameter measurement.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for calculating winding currents at a delta side for a transformer. The transformer has two or more windings, with a first winding being a delta connected winding. The method includes obtaining line currents measured with measurement equipment associated with lines connected with the windings. The method further includes calculating zero sequence currents for at least a second winding, from the line currents of a corresponding line. The method further includes calculating zero sequence currents for the first winding, based on the zero sequence currents for at least the second winding, a phase displacement between the windings, and a turns ratio associated with the windings. The winding currents is calculated from the zero sequence currents of the first winding, and the line currents of a corresponding line.

Abstract: A modular multilevel voltage source converter and a method and computer program product for handling circulating currents in such a modular multilevel voltage source converter are described. A control unit of the voltage source converter determines a circulating current control signal contribution (ER1?ER2+2VCM) for a phase leg based on the sum of cell voltages in the upper phase arm of the phase leg, the sum of cell voltages in the lower phase arm of the phase leg and at least one modulation reference and combines the circulating control signal contribution with a modulation reference used for one of the phase arms in order to obtain a modified voltage reference for controlling the phase arm to handle a circulating current while a waveshape is formed.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes: first and second contacts moveable relative to each other along an axis of the circuit breaker between an open and closed configuration and defining an arcing region in which an arc is formed during current breaking operation; a nozzle directing a flow of quenching gas onto the arcing region during current breaking operation, a diffusor downstream of the nozzle for further transporting the quenching gas within the arcing region and/or downstream of the arcing region, and a mechanical swirling device arranged downstream of the nozzle and at least partially in the diffusor for imparting a swirl onto the quenching gas flowing along the diffusor, the mechanical swirling device having an axial overlap with the second contact in the open configuration of the circuit breaker.

Abstract: A wet capacitor is provided, and the use of an insulation fluid composition in such a capacitor. The capacitor includes a package of a metal foil and a polymeric insulating film, or of a metallized polymeric film, wherein the insulation composition includes a synthetic or natural aromatic oil and a polymer. The insulation composition is configured to undergo a thermo-reversible oil-to-gel transition at a predefined gel-point temperature. Further, methods of producing such wet capacitors are provided, optionally including additional filling materials, and methods of sealing leaks in such capacitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gas-insulated electrical apparatuses, in particular gas-insulated transformers or reactors, comprising a housing enclosing an interior space, in which an electrical component comprising a winding is arranged, at least a portion of the interior space defining an insulation space which is filled with an insulation fluid electrically insulating at least a part of the electrical component from the housing. According to the invention, the electrical apparatus further comprises a cooling element comprising a condenser, an evaporator and a cooling fluid to be circulated between the condenser and the evaporator. The evaporator is designed such that at least a part of the electric component is immersed in the cooling fluid in its liquid state, thus being in direct contact with the cooling fluid.

Abstract: A surge arrester and a method for manufacturing the surge arrester are disclosed. The surge arrester includes a preassembled active part extending in a longitudinal direction, and a separately produced flexible housing defining a bore in the longitudinal direction and having an opening at an end surface of the flexible housing. The flexible housing is arranged surrounding the active part via the bore and in contact with the active part. The contact causes a deformation of the flexible housing in a circumferential direction, and the deformation generates a pressure applied on the active part along a radial direction.

Abstract: A particle extraction system for an electrical interrupter is disclosed in the present application. The particle extraction system includes a support bay configured to hold an electrical interrupter in position during a particle extraction event. An actuator system is operable for cycling the interrupter to dislodge and release foreign particles internal to the interrupter. A fluid source and pumping system is in fluid communication with at least one internal flowpath within the interrupter to entrain and transport the released particle from the interrupter. A vacuum slot is operable for receiving a fluid flow with entrained particles and transporting the particles to a particle capture device.

Abstract: A monitoring arrangement for monitoring a surge arrester which is connected to a live wire of a power network at a connection point in order to protect an electrical apparatus against incoming surges, the monitoring arrangement including: an analogue measuring circuit for sensing a current impulse through the surge arrester caused by an incoming surge in the live wire and producing a corresponding analogue measuring signal; an analog-to-digital converter for converting the measuring signal into digital signals; and an electronic processing device configured: to establish, based on the digital signals, a voltage peak value representing the highest voltage at the connection point during the incoming surge; and to establish, based on the voltage peak value and by means of a calculation model or look-up table, a maximum-voltage value representing an estimated maximum voltage across the electrical apparatus during the incoming surge.

Abstract: A bushing including: a bushing comprising: a bushing body, an electrode contained in the bushing body, a flange body mounted to the bushing body, a tap assembly including: a hollow electrically conductive sleeve portion extending from the flange body, a conductor connected to the electrode and extending from the electrode into the sleeve portion, a pin connected to the conductor, an insulating body provided around the conductor in the sleeve portion, and an electrically conductive lid configured to be assembled with the sleeve portion, the lid having a cap portion and a hollow cylindrical extension portion, wherein the cap portion is configured to receive an end portion of the pin, wherein the extension portion extends axially from the cap portion and is configured to be received by the sleeve portion, and wherein the extension portion is configured to surround the insulating body in the sleeve portion when the lid is assembled with the sleeve portion.

Abstract: Architectures, apparatuses, methods, systems, and techniques for controlling electrical power distribution network are disclosed. Distributed, hierarchical controls including layered locational energy service control variables may be utilized to determine and control the provision of energy services, including real power, reactive power (VAR), and capacity reserves, by DERs in a distribution network. In a first ex-ante iteration a simulation may be performed to calculate a set of subnetwork-specific control variables based on subnetwork locational energy service prices and a plurality of sets of DER-specific control variables based on DER locational energy service prices. In a second ex-ante iteration a set of actual subnetwork-specific control variables based on subnetwork locational energy service prices and a plurality of sets of actual DER-specific control variables based on DER locational energy service prices.

Abstract: System and method for monitoring a travel curve of moving part of circuit breaker comprising: device for optically monitoring travel path and comprising: light source; light detection device; optical element having plurality of zones with different optical properties which are alternately arranged, the optical element being provided on moving part of circuit breaker, light being intensity-modulated by the optical element and being received by light detection device during circuit breaker operation. The system further comprises an accelerometer mounted to circuit breaker, control unit for receiving signals from light detection device and from accelerometer, the control unit being configured to determine the travel curve based on the detected modulated light and on the detected vibration signal, the vibration signal being employed to identify a change of direction of movement of the moving part.

Abstract: Systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses for managing distributed applications of networked intelligent agents are disclosed. The agents are operably to autonomously discover semantic profiles and associated data of other agents in a networked system participating in a given application. The agents need not be in direct communication with or known to all the other agents in the networked system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semi-fabricated switching device comprising a semiconductor element and a housing comprising a spring system with a ring-shaped washer laterally surrounding the semiconductor element for clamping the semiconductor element between two pole pieces. The washer is deflectable between the pole pieces by a first deflection element, which contacts the washer in a first contact area on a first side, and by a second deflection element, which contacts the washer in a second contact area on a second side. The first contact area is displaced to the second contact area. The first and second deflection element can deflect the washer such that in clamped condition an electrical contact is achievable between the pole pieces and the semiconductor element.

Abstract: A fiber-optic current sensor includes an opto-electronics module, a sensor head and a connecting fiber connecting the opto-electronics module to the sensor head. The sensor includes a first and a second beam splitter, between which the measuring light runs in two branches. One fiber connector is arranged in each branch, for connecting a cable assembly to the opto-electronics module. The optical path lengths between the two connectors and the second beam splitter are different, such that light waves cross-coupled into an orthogonal polarization mode due to angular misalignment of the connectors become incoherent with the non-cross-coupled waves returning from the sensor head.

Abstract: A method for synchronization of first and second microgrids, having respective first and second voltages and frequencies. The method includes determining a possible voltage and frequency range, determining an overlapping voltage range, determining an overlapping frequency range, selecting a third voltage within the overlapping voltage range. The method also includes selecting a third frequency within the overlapping frequency range. The method also includes controlling the first microgrid to change from the first voltage and frequency to the third voltage and frequency. The method also includes controlling the second microgrid to change from the second voltage and frequency to the third voltage and frequency. The method also includes connecting the first and second microgrids to each other by closing a switch there between.

Abstract: A high voltage winding for a single electrical phase of a high voltage electromagnetic induction device, wherein the high voltage winding comprises: a first winding part, and a second winding part, wherein the first winding part comprises: a first conductor, a first solid electrical insulator circumferentially enclosing the first conductor, and a first semi-conductive sheath circumferentially enclosing the first solid electrical insulator, wherein the first semi-conductive sheath is earthed or connected to an electric potential that is lower than a rated voltage of the high voltage winding, and wherein the second winding part comprises: a second conductor, and a second solid electrical insulator circumferentially enclosing the second conductor and forming an outermost layer of the second winding part.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker including a first arcing contact and a second arcing contact, wherein at least one of the two arcing contacts is axially movable including a first and a second state of motion along a switching axis, wherein during a breaking operation, an arc between the first arcing contact and the second arcing contact is formed in an arcing region; a nozzle including a channel directed to the arcing region, for blowing an arc-extinguishing gas to the arcing region during the breaking operation; a diffuser adjacent to the nozzle, for transporting the gas from the arcing region to a region downstream of the diffuser; a buffer volume directly downstream of the diffuser, and an enclosure substantially surrounding the buffer volume circumferentially.