Abstract: A method for sending signals from an active computer in a high-voltage power transmission system including active protection computers and active and standby control computers in a hierarchical structure having at least two hierarchical levels. A high-voltage power transmission system and a control station for at least a part of such a transmission system. In the system all computers on the various hierarchical levels are connected to at least two separate computer communication networks. An active computer sends signals that are to be received by at least one other computer at the same or another hierarchical level simultaneously on the two separate computer communication networks to which it is connected.

Abstract: A discharge region of a centrifugal compressor is provided. A scroll casing is asymmetrically formed in a circumferential direction and configured to be positioned in different angular positions in the circumferential direction. A vaned diffuser is configured to be positioned in different angular positions in the circumferential direction. The vaned diffuser includes a plurality of guide elements configured to be arranged in a distributed manner in the circumferential direction. Means are provided for positioning the vaned diffuser with regard to an angular position of the asymmetrically formed scroll casing. An angular spacing of two guide elements which are arranged adjacently to each other differs from an angular spacing of two other guide elements which are arranged adjacently to each other. By varying the angular spacings between two adjacent guide vanes of a diffuser along the circumference, the resonance vibration of the compressor can be reduced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a power semiconductor device is provided. A first oxide layer is produced on a first main side of a substrate of a first conductivity type. A structured gate electrode layer with at least one opening is then formed on the first main side on top of the first oxide layer. A first dopant of the first conductivity type is implanted into the substrate on the first main side using the structured gate electrode layer as a mask, and the first dopant is diffused into the substrate. A second dopant of a second conductivity type is then implanted into the substrate on the first main side, and the second dopant is diffused into the substrate. After diffusing the first dopant into the substrate and before implanting the second dopant into the substrate, the first oxide layer is partially removed. The structured gate electrode layer can be used as a mask for implanting the second dopant.

Abstract: A method and a valve arrangement are disclosed for pressure-sensor diagnosis of an operating state of a valve arrangement for controlling a process medium flow, in which a valve element, which is arranged such that it can move axially within a valve housing, is moved by application of control pressure, with the control pressure being determined in the starting and/or stopped phase of the valve element in order to determine static friction. A pressure rise value of control pressure required to start movement of the valve element is measured repeatedly and successively after the movement of the valve element has been stopped. The measured pressure rise values are temporarily stored in a memory unit. A diagnosis unit accesses the pressure rise values in order to determine a probable influence of the static friction on the movement of the valve element, by statistical analysis.

Abstract: A method and valve arrangement are provided for controlling the flow of a process medium through a pipeline. A pneumatic actuator moves a valve element, which is accommodated in a valve housing, and switches the flow of the process medium, in accordance with a positioning control system by means of a control piston, to at least one side of which control pressure is applied in a drive chamber. An electronic evaluation unit connected to the positioning control system monitors the operating state. A pressure sensor measures the pressure in the drive chamber, and the evaluation unit analyzes the measured pressure value with respect to a pressure p and the pressure change dp(t) over time to determine the flow into/from the drive chamber and/or the ratio (V/A) of the drive chamber volume to the effective opening cross section of the valve arrangement as a measure of the operating state of the valve arrangement.

Abstract: An electric insulation arrangement including a field grading material including a matrix including a dielectric material. A plurality of micro varistor particles is distributed in the matrix. A plurality of bridge particles include an electrically conducting material and form electrically conducting bridges between individual micro varistor particles. The bridge particles form a percolating network together with the micro particles but do not form a percolating network by interconnection between themselves.

Abstract: A method for sensor operating-state determination of a valve arrangement to control a process medium flow through a pipeline having a valve element, arranged such that it can move axially within a valve housing via a pneumatic actuating drive by application of control pressure, with the control pressure being measured and evaluated in order to determine the sliding friction during the movement. The valve element can be moved at a constant speed over at least a subarea of the travel movement, the value of which speed is measured via a position sensor system for signal processing, with the currently applied control pressure being measured at approximately the same time for signal processing via a pressure sensor system. The current sliding friction of the valve element can be determined as a measure of wear state from both measured values, by an electronic evaluation unit, based on a proportional drive force expressed by the control pressure which occurs when the valve element is traveling at a constant speed.

Abstract: A method for joining together at least two sheets with a tool controlled by an industrial robot and including a first arm and a second arm that are mutually movable in relation to each other. An actual position of the sheets is detected by bringing one of the arms to sense the actual position of the sheets. The distance between an ideal position and the actual position is calculated and the actual position of the tool is moved the calculated distance, whereafter the sheets are joined together.

Abstract: A thermal mass flow meter is disclosed for determining a material flow through a vessel. In this case, a sensor arrangement is mounted on a holder immersed into a vessel with a flowing medium. It is proposed that the sensor arrangement comprises a first and a second measuring element, with one of the respective measuring elements being heated while the other respective measuring element is not heated and that the two measuring elements can be heated alternately.

Abstract: A device (1) for protecting an electrical installation from overvoltages, having at least one protection component (2) and disconnection means (3) capable of changing from a closed configuration to an open configuration, as well as signaling means (5) capable of indicating the configuration of the disconnection means (3). The disconnection means (3) and the signaling means (5) respectively comprise a mobile disconnection element (4) and a mobile signaling element (12) arranged such that, when going from the closed configuration to the open configuration, the mobile disconnection element (4) moves in a rotational movement according to a first trajectory and cooperates with the mobile signaling element (12) to drive the mobile signaling element in rotation along a second trajectory different from the first trajectory.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus is provided that has an electrical device encapsulated in a plastic encasement. The encasement includes an inner shell and an outer shell. The inner shell has a thickness greater than the outer shell and the inner shell is more flexible than the outer shell. The inner shell is formed from a first resin composition that, when cured, has a tensile elongation at break of greater than 5% and the outer shell is formed from a second resin composition that, when cured, has a tensile elongation at break of less than 5%.

Abstract: An annular circulation chamber is arranged in an interior of a compressor housing, which circulation chamber radially surrounds a main flow duct and extends from an intake region to an encircling circulation opening in a region of rotor blades of the compressor wheel. Between the circulation openings, the circulation chamber is delimited from the main flow duct by an annular contoured wall. The contoured wall is connected to the inner compressor housing by plural struts which are spaced apart from one another to different extents in the circumferential direction. As a result of the irregular distribution of the struts in the circumferential direction, generation of undesired vibration excitations can be reduced and/or eliminated.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a field housing for enclosing electrical equipment in installations where there is an explosion hazard. To avoid ignition sparks passing between the inside and the outside of the field housing, the field housing can include a housing cup of a cuboidal shape with a rectangle opening with rounded corners which can be closed with a housing cover. A periphery of the opening can be widened into a surrounding sleeve, and the housing cover can include a peripheral collar of a form and size matching the opening in the housing cup such that a flameproof joint is formed between the collar of the housing cover and the sleeve of the housing cup.

Abstract: A method and a system are disclosed in accordance with a pump controlled with a frequency converter. An exemplary method includes controlling the pump with a frequency converter, the frequency converter feeding a motor connected to drive the pump, providing a torque estimate (Test) and/or a rotational speed estimate (nest) of the motor from the frequency converter, forming one or more features (Feature1, Feature2, Feature3, Feature4) indicating cavitation or likelihood of cavitation of the pump and/or reverse flow of the pump using the provided estimates (Test, nest) and detecting cavitation or likelihood of the cavitation of the pump and/or reverse flow of the pump from one or more of the formed features (Feature1, Feature2, Feature3, Feature4).

Abstract: A method of connecting two high voltage DC cables in a flexible cable joint. Each high voltage DC cable can include, from the inside to the outside, a central conductor, an adjacent circumferential cable inner semicon layer, an adjacent circumferential cable insulation layer, and an adjacent circumferential cable outer semicon layer.

Abstract: A method in connection with a frequency converter for correcting the power factor of the frequency converter, and a power factor correction unit. The method includes connecting the power factor correction unit between a rectifier bridge of the frequency converter and the supplying AC voltage network, generating with the power factor correction unit DC voltage from the AC voltage of the supply network and feeding the generated DC voltage to the frequency converter via the rectifier bridge of the frequency converter.

Abstract: The heavy-duty circuit-breaker with arc blowing has an element which is sensitive to hot gas and/or to gas pressure and is protected by means of a seal against a hot-gas flow. The seal is advantageously a movable non-contacting seal. The seal has a channel entrance for production of a partial hot-gas flow of the hot-gas flow and, connected downstream from this, a channel in order to reduce the mass flow of the partial hot-gas flow, and an expansion chamber in order to expand the volume of the partial hot-gas flow. The expansion chamber is a pressure-relief area. The element may, for example, be a guide element, a contact-making element or a sealing element.

Abstract: A method for determining/dimensioning measures for restoring an electrical power system, which experiences or is heading for a voltage instability, to a steady-state condition, wherein there is no immediate risk of instability. An actual voltage/phase angle in the electrical power system is determined. The power unbalance within at least one sub-area in the electrical power system is determined. Suitable power-balancing measures are determined. The extent of the respective measures is determined. The power-balancing measures are carried out. Also, a device for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An auxiliary contact configuration for a switching device, the switching device comprising a frame part (2) and the auxiliary contact configuration comprising a first auxiliary contact position (5) provided in the frame part (2) and arranged to receive an auxiliary contact (8), and a movable auxiliary contact control device (10) comprising a first control element (11) arranged to control the auxiliary contact (8) installed in the first position (5). The auxiliary contact configuration comprises a second auxiliary contact position (6) provided near the first auxiliary contact position (5), and the auxiliary contact control device (10) comprises a second control element (12) arranged to control the auxiliary contact (8) installed in the second position (6) in a manner different from the manner in which the first control element (11) is arranged to control the auxiliary contact (8) installed in the first position (5).

Abstract: A permanent magnet unit is provided for an electrical machine. The electrical machine includes a stator and rotor. At least one permanent magnet is enclosed in a non-magnetic enclosure. The enclosure has means for connecting it to at least one other substantially similar enclosure containing a permanent magnet.