Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for identifying and quantifying chemical components in a high-melting-point liquid. One such method includes: receiving, into a nebulizer assembly, a high-melting-point liquid from a molten liquid conduit; aerosolizing, using the nebulizer assembly, at least a portion of the received high-melting-point liquid; delivering, into one or more instruments, the aerosolized high-melting-point liquid from the nebulizer; and chemically analyzing, using the one or more instruments, the aerosolized high-melting-point liquid.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system according to which first and second waveguides are adapted to be connected to a pipe and first and second transducers are adapted to be connected to the first and second waveguides, respectively, and to exchange ultrasonic wave signals through the first and second waveguides, the pipe, and a fluid flowing in the pipe. A temperature of the fluid flowing in the pipe exceeds 600° C. The first and second waveguides are configured to, and each have a shape to: (i) insulate the first and second transducers from the pipe, and (ii) permit propagation of the ultrasonic wave signals between the pipe and the first and second transducers, respectively, while maintaining an acoustic attenuation through the first and second waveguides at an acceptable level.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system according to which first and second transducers are connected to first and second waveguides, respectively, the first and second waveguides are connected to a pipe, and ultrasonic wave signals are exchanged between the first and second transducers, said ultrasonic wave signals passing through the first and second waveguides, the pipe, and a fluid in the pipe. A temperature of the fluid flowing in the pipe may exceed about 600° C. The first and second waveguides insulate the first and second transducers from the pipe and propagate the ultrasonic wave signals between the pipe and the first and second transducers, respectively, so that the ability of the first and second transducers to exchange the ultrasonic wave signals is not adversely affected by the temperature of the fluid in the pipe. The first and second waveguides may be made of a calcium silicate technical ceramic.

Abstract: A mobile application for facilitating the organization and conduction of group discussions and activities. The mobile application comprises a predefined menu having a predefined set of menu options which have data fields for a master user to input the desired parameters. The mobile application sends commands which divide a group into subgroups based on predefined parameters. The mobile application is accessed by participants of subgroups. The mobile application sends topics and prompts, which comprise any sort of input, participation or contribution by the participants of the subgroups desired by the master user. The mobile application provides a reporting menu to a participant of each subgroup for reporting on the subgroup's activities or discussions at the conclusion of a session. The mobile application provides evaluation menus to the participants of the subgroups to allow them to evaluate aspects of the group session, and send the evaluations to the master user.