Abstract: A high energy laser-to-fiberoptic waveguide coupling method and apparatus is disclosed for optically coupling substantially all of the beam of a high energy laser into a small diameter optical fiber. High energy lasers often generate beams having cross-sectionally non-uniform energy densities. The coupling apparatus includes an optical fiber segment located between the laser and the small diameter optical fiber, for receiving substantially all of the non-uniform beam and for transforming it into a circular cross-section beam of uniform energy density. Substantially all of the uniform beam is directed into the small diameter optical fiber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting and measuring optical fiber output by measuring backscatter fluorescence from at least a partial coating or layer of fluorescent material at approximately the end of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting high power laser energy through a flexible optical fiber comprising a relatively large solid optical fiber coupled to a relatively short segment of a flexible liquid optical fiber at the distal end of the solid optical fiber. The liquid fiber is a hollow tube filled with highly transparent liquid and is capable of transmitting high power laser energy while remaining flexible.

Abstract: A rare gas-halogen excimer laser in which the laser gases are exposed only to compatible materials that react with the laser gases to produce stable reaction products having a low vapor pressure, so as to reduce contamination of the gases and optics. High-purity nickel is the preferred material for components that are electrically conductive, and high-purity alumina is the preferred material for components that are non-electrically conductive. No non-compatible materials are used. In another feature, magnetic fluid seals are provided for the laser's fan-shaft, to isolate the shaft bearings and thereby isolate any non-compatible lubricant for the bearings. The fan uses magnetic coupling so that an isolating enclosure may be placed over the magnetic fluid seal to prevent the leakage of gases into the surrounding environment if the seal ever fails.