Abstract: A composite board which includes a core and inner and outer surface layers, said core and surface layers each including cellulose material and a cured resin binding said cellulose material together, wherein the resin in the core of the composite is an acid setting resin and the core includes a low steam volatile weak acid in an amount of between 2 to 8% by weight to the dry weight of the cellulose material in the core.

Abstract: Reinforced concrete building products are manufactured using a two-part mould (2, 3), the two parts being hinged together about an axis (4) which is adjacent an edge of each part-mould (2, 3). Glass-reinforced concrete is applied to each part-mould (2, 3), then allowed to partly dry before the part-moulds (2, 3) are folded together to produce a finished product.

Abstract: A tamper indicating closure member for containers is disclosed having a cap member with a top wall and a peripheral skirt integral therewith. Also included is a separable band portion interconnected to the skirt by a frangible bridge element. The band portion is capable of coacting with an axially inclined ramp surface defined by a circumferential bead on the neck, thereby substantially preventing transverse movement of the closure band portion relative to the container neck.

Abstract: A two part closure for an open necked container is provided in which a cover member which may be of metal extends over the opening and a holding member which may be of plastic extends over the container neck.

Abstract: Apparatus for and a method of filling a chain of successively connected bag containers, each closed at its bottom end with successive ones seamed at adjacent side edges, the chain defining sleeve means along the upper edge thereof, above said side seams. The invention comprises moving the chain of containers along a process line, from a source thereof to a discharge point, with said sleeve means uppermost, past a filling station having a filling head operable to charge flowable material received from a source thereof, from a filling nozzle of the filling head, into successive containers presented to the filling station and past a sealing station which is intermediate the sealing station and discharge point, the sealing station having sealing means for sealing the top of each filled container.

Abstract: A laminate material suitable for use in place of a safety mesh used in construction of roofing. The laminate has at least one inner layer comprising fibrous material, such as a woven material, adhesively bonded to each of the next adjacent layer. Each next adjacent layer is selected from paper and metal foil.

Abstract: Apparatus and method is provided for packaging a flowable material in bag containers. The apparatus comprises a support stand and, mounted thereon, a filling station, a sealing station, and support means, the stations being in spaced, side by side relation. The support means has a support surface on which successive containers are receivable, and which is movable relative to the stations from a position in which a container received thereon is presented in turn to the filling station and the sealing station. The filling station has a filler head connectable to a source of supply of the flowable material and engageable with an opening of the container for discharge of a quantity of the material into the container. The sealing station has sealing means for receiving the container opening, the sealing means being connected to an electric power source and being operable to grip the opening and form a heat seal thereacross.

Abstract: A machine and method for filling a container through an opening therein. The machine includes a machine frame defining a container conveying zone through which a container loaded into the machine moves during a filling operation. A container sterilizing assembly is mounted on the machine frame and defines a sterilizing station in the conveying zone, the sterilizing assembly being operable to aseptically sterilize the container, at least in a region incorporating the opening, when positioned at the sterilizing station. A container filling assembly is also mounted on the machine frame and defines a container filling station in the conveying zone, the filling assembly being operable to receive the sterilized container and fill the container through the opening therein with a product while maintaining at least the opening region of the container in an aseptic condition.

Abstract: A device for measuring the distance moved by an applicator head of a container filling and capping station and, hence, a force applied by the head, the device having a housing, a plunger telescopically inter-fitted with the housing so as to be substantially linearly movable relative thereto, a biasing device biasing the members to a rest position, and an indicator mounted on the members; the indicator having at least one component thereof movable such that, during one stage of relative movement of the members from their rest position against the bias of the biasing device and return to their rest position under such bias, the at least one component is fixed relative to one of the members and movable relative to the other member, and such that during the other stage of that movement the at least one component is fixed relative to the other of the members and movable relative to the one member to thereby provide a measure of the relative movement of the members in one of the stages, and wherein the external for