Abstract: A device for determining a parameter history indication of at least one external parameter includes, in at least one embodiment, a first electrode portion, in consuming contact with a first electrolyte, and a second electrode portion, in consuming contact with a second electrolyte. A consumption process of the second electrode portion, in at least one embodiment, is controllable by an amount of consumption of said first electrode portion. The electrolytes are so arranged that consumption rates of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion present different dependencies on the at least one external parameter. A kit of parts including such a device, and a method for determining a parameter history indication of at least one external parameter are also disclosed.

Abstract: A circuitry for differential amplifying, logical inversion, NAND and/or NOR operations is provided, which includes at least one depletion mode transistor having JFET characteristics. A method for determining the properties of an electrochemical circuitry is provided, including at least one semi-finished transistor, by applying a solidified electrolyte to selected sets of electrochemically active transistor elements is also provided.

Abstract: A battery having at least one positive and at least one negative electrode arranged alongside one another on a flat, electrically nonconductive substrate and connected to one another via an electrolyte which conducts ions.

Abstract: Methods of producing electrochemical transistor devices are provided, wherein a solidified electrolyte is arranged in direct contact with at least a portion of an organic material having the ability to electrochemically altering its electrical conductivity through change of redox state thereof, such that a current between a source contact and a drain contact of the transistor is controllable by way of a voltage applied to a gate electrode. A electrochemical transistor device is also provided, wherein an ion isolative material is provided between a solidified electrolyte and an organic material having ability to electrochemically altering its redox state, such that a transistor channel of the transistor is defined thereby.

Abstract: A fast organic field effect transistor (100), which operates at low voltages, is achieved by the introduction of an oligomeric or polymeric electrolyte (131) between the gate electrode (141) and the organic semiconductor layer (121), which electrolyte (131) has a dissociation constant of at least 10?8. Said organic semiconductor layer (121) is in contact with the source electrode (111) and the drain electrode (112) of the transistor. In operation a potential (152) applied to said gate electrode (141) controls the current A between said source electrode (111) and said drain electrode (112).

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a method is disclosed of temporarily changing refractive index of an optical fiber containing a longitudinal electrode arranged in the cladding of said fiber along and parallel to the core of the fiber, wherein the change in refractive index is performed by applying a high voltage pulse to said longitudinal electrode, the high voltage pulse including a magnitude of at least 100 volts and a duration sufficiently short to prevent melting of the electrode, such that the electrode thermally expands through ohmic heating without melting and exerts a pressure on the fiber core to induce said temporary change of the refractive index. The method is suitably used for Q-switching a fiber laser.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical timer device (110) having a source (101) and a drain (102) contact. The device further comprises a switch channel (104) and a delay reservoir (103) that are electrochemically interconnected with a gate electrode (105). The switch channel (104) interconnects the source (101) and drain (102) contacts and is arranged to change electrical conductivity upon electrochemistry therein, and an electrochemical reaction is arranged to occur in the gate electrode (105) and delay reservoir (103) upon application of a drive voltage there between. The delay reservoir (103) is arranged such that the electrochemical reaction occurring therein gradually moves towards the switch channel (104) and eventually reaches the switch channel (104) after a delay time thereby changing the electrical conductivity of the switch channel (104).

Abstract: Methods of producing electrochemical transistor devices are provided, wherein a solidified electrolyte is arranged in direct contact with at least a portion of an organic material having the ability to electrochemically altering its electrical conductivity through change of redox state thereof, such that a current between a source contact and a drain contact of the transistor is controllable by a voltage applied to a gate electrode. A electrochemical transistor device is also provided, wherein an ion isolative material is provided between a solidified electrolyte and an organic material having the ability to electrochemically altering its redox state, such that a transistor channel of said transistor is defined thereby.

Abstract: A method of forming a longitudinal solid body within at least one longitudinal hole formed in an optical fiber, comprising the steps of placing a first end and a portion of the optical fiber in a heating chamber; keeping a second end of said optical fiber outside of the heating chamber; forcing a molten material into the longitudinal hole of the fiber from the first end; and thereupon longitudinally extracting the optical fiber from the heating chamber at a controlled rate. Preferably, the fiber is extracted while molten material is being urged into the fiber.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is disclosed, including two electrochromic elements, which are switched in a time separated manner. Each electrochromic element is arranged of electrochemically active material, and connected to a counter layer by a solidified electrolyte. In at least one embodiment, the electrochromic device further includes at least one resistive device which restricts the electrochemical reaction of one of the electrochromic element, such that a color of this electrochromic element is not substantially altered until the other electrochromic element is reacted to a predetermined extent.

Abstract: An electrochemical device is provided, comprising a source contact connected to a first antenna pad, a drain contact connected to a second antenna pad, at least one gate electrode, an electrochemically active element arranged between, and in direct electrical contact with, the source and drain contacts, which electrochemically active element comprises a transistor channel and is of a material comprising an organic material having the ability of electrochemically altering its conductivity through change of redox state thereof, and a solidified electrolyte in direct electrical contact with the electrochemically active element and said at least one gate electrode and interposed between them in such a way that electron flow between the electrochemically active element and said gate electrode(s) is prevented. In the device, flow of electrons between source contact and drain contact is controllable by means of a voltage applied to the gate electrode(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wettability switch that comprises an electrochemically active element having a wetting surface with switchable wetting properties. The electrochemically active element comprises an electrochemically active polymer, and surface active molecules each having a lyophobic portion and a lyophilic portion. In the wettability switch, each of said surface active molecules exposes one of said lyophobic portion and said lyophilic portion towards said wetting surface, and the identity of said portion depends on an electrochemical state of said polymer.

Abstract: A circuitry for differential amplifying, logical inversion, NAND and/or NOR operations is provided, which includes at least one depletion mode transistor having JFET characteristics. A method for determining the properties of an electrochemical circuitry is provided, including at least one semi-finished transistor, by applying a solidified electrolyte to selected sets of electrochemically active transistor elements is also provided.

Abstract: Methods of producing electrochemical transistor devices are provided, wherein a solidified electrolyte is arranged in direct contact with at least a portion of an organic material having the ability to electrochemically altering its electrical conductivity through change of redox state thereof, such that a current between a source contact and a drain contact of the transistor is controllable by way of a voltage applied to a gate electrode. A electrochemical transistor device is also provided, wherein an ion isolative material is provided between a solidified electrolyte and an organic material having ability to electrochemically altering its redox state, such that a transistor channel of the transistor is defined thereby.

Abstract: An electrochemically active element is provided which comprises a first layer of PEDOT-PSS mixed with an adhesion promoter, and a second layer of PANI which is in direct electrical contact with said first layer. Such an element exhibits a substantially increased resistance from being overoxidized, as well as an electrical conductivity which is virtually the same as for pure PEDOT-PSS, and substantially better than for pure PANI. The electrochemically active element can be used in e.g. electrochemical pixel devices, transistors, diodes etc.

Abstract: An electrochemically active element is provided which comprises a first layer of PEDOT-PSS mixed with an adhesion promoter, and a second layer of PANI which is in direct electrical contact with said first layer. Such an element exhibits a substantially increased resistance from being overoxidised, as well as an electrical conductivity which is virtually the same as for pure PEDOT-PSS, and substantially better than for pure PANI. The electrochemically active element can be used in e.g. electrochemical pixel devices, transistors, diodes etc.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is provided comprising: (i) at least one material that is electrically conducting in at least one oxidation state and (ii) at least one electrochromic material, wherein said materials (i) and (ii) can be the same or different; at least one layer of a solidified electrolyte which is in direct electrical contact with said electrochromic element; and at least two electrodes comprising PEDOT-PSS, arranged side by side in a common plane and adapted for application of a voltage therebetween, one of said electrodes being in direct electrical contact with a component selected from said electrochromic element(s) and the other electrode(s) being in direct electrical contact with a component selected from said electrolyte layer(s) and said electrochromic element(s).

Abstract: An electrochemical transistor device is provided, which comprises a flexible substrate; a layer of organic material, which comprises a source portion, a drain portion and a transistor channel portion; a gate electrode arranged on said substrate separated from said layer of organic material; and a layer of solidified electrolyte arranged in overlapping electric contact with said gate electrode and only with the transistor channel portion of said layer of organic material, thereby defining said transistor channel portion, such that current between said source portion and drain portion is controllable by means of a potential applied to said gate electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sensor device for measuring an electric field in a charge carrying medium. To this end, the sensor device defines a sensor space that is arranged to receive the charge carrying medium, and that comprises terminals for applying an electric field across the sensor space. Furthermore, sensor elements are arranged spatially separated in the sensor space. The sensor elements are operable to perform electrochemistry in response to the electric field and to change optical appearance upon said electrochemistry. Thereby electric field present in said sensor space is detectable from an optical appearance of said sensor elements.

Abstract: An electrochemical transistor device is provided, comprising a source contact, a drain contact, at least one gate electrode, an electrochemically active element arranged between, and in direct electrical contact with, the source and drain contacts, which electrochemically active element comprises a transistor channel and is of a material comprising an organic material having the ability of electrochemically altering its conductivity through change of redox state thereof, and a solidified electrolyte in direct electrical contact with the electrochemically active element and said at least one gate electrode and interposed between them in such a way that electron flow between the electrochemically active element and said gate electrode(s) is prevented. In the device, flow of electrons between source contact and drain contact is controllable by means of a voltage applied to said gate electrode(s).