Abstract: Examples described herein generally relate to database operations including encoding, within a length field for a first value to be stored in a column of a database as a token that includes information for processing a large object, an indicator indicating that the first value is of a token type, and storing, in the column of the database, the first value with the length field including the indicator.

Abstract: Examples described herein generally relate to database systems for storing and processing both small values that are smaller than size of a database column and large objects that exceed the size of the database column. A database management system (DBMS) determines that a value to be stored in a database is a large object having a size larger than a column of the database. The DBMS stores the value as a large object in an external storage associated with a token stored in the column of the database. The token includes information for processing the large object. A vector processing engine associated with the external storage processes the large object based on the information in the token in response to a database command from the DBMS on multiple records represented as a vector.

Abstract: A system and method for just in time compilation for hash table probing are disclosed. In one implementation, the method of using just-in-time compilation is used to combine the stages of hash value computation and initial lookup into a single compound operation. In another implementation, the method of using just-in-time compilation is used to combine the stages of a hash table record and input record checking to detect if these records are equal, and if not, fetching the next possible record in the linked list of the per-bucket records.

Abstract: Examples described herein generally relate to database systems for storing and processing both small values that are smaller than size of a database column and large objects that exceed the size of the database column. A database management system (DBMS) determines that a value to be stored in a database is a large object having a size larger than a column of the database. The DBMS stores the value as a large object in an external storage associated with a token stored in the column of the database. The token includes information for processing the large object. A vector processing engine associated with the external storage processes the large object based on the information in the token in response to a database command from the DBMS on multiple records represented as a vector.

Abstract: A computer system hosting a column-store database engine is responsive to database requests for the update and retrieval of data from within a stable data table and providing for the storage of database tuples within a column-store organized database structure. A positional delta tree data structure is implemented in the memory space of the database engine and is operatively coupled in an update data transfer path between a database engine interface and the stable data table. The positional delta tree data structure includes a differential data storage layer operative to store differential update data values in positionally defined relative reference to database tuples stored by the stable data table.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to executing a compiled user defined function (UDF) in an interpreted database query engine. A database query that invokes a UDF defined in an interpreted programming language can be received, and a shared library produced by compiling the UDF can be loaded during database runtime. The UDF can be executed via the shared library during the invocation of the database query, or another database query, in the interpreted database query engine.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to maintaining a dataset with approximate constraints including determining, for a dataset, a constraint collection of tuples that satisfy a constraint and an exception collection of tuples that are an exception to the constraint, constructing, for the dataset, a sharded bitmap of bits, wherein each bit in the sharded bitmap indicates whether a tuple in the dataset is in the exception collection of tuples, wherein the sharded bitmap includes, for each shard of multiple shards, a bitmap of bits and a starting bit location index within the sharded bitmap of bits for the shard, and processing a query on the dataset including processing the constraint collection of tuples and the exception collection of tuples based on the sharded bitmap.

Abstract: Database systems handle queries represented in different character sets. A database system allows data stored in the same database column to be represented in different character sets. In response to a query, the database system returns query results in the same character set as the received query even though the data stored in the database column is in a different character set. The database system creates and maintains a metadata table that stores attributes of database columns. The attributes of database columns include, among others, a data type, and a collation attribute. By tracking the collation attributes for data stored in database columns, the database system determines whether to convert data stored in a database column when processing database queries.

Abstract: A database system processes database queries that process external tables representing data obtained from an external systems. The database system generates an execution plan to execute the database query. The database system sends a request for data of the external table to an external system. The request provides connection information to the external system. The external system sends a request to connect to the database system and provides data of the external table as a data stream. If the database system reaches an operator that processes the data of the external table, the database system waits for data from the external system. The database system processes the database query using the data of the data stream. The database system provides the result of the database query to a requestor, for example, a client device.

Abstract: Database systems handle queries represented in different character sets. A database system allows data stored in the same database column to be represented in different character sets. In response to a query, the database system returns query results in the same character set as the received query even though the data stored in the database column is in a different character set. The database system creates and maintains a metadata table that stores attributes of database columns. The attributes of database columns include, among others, a data type, and a collation attribute. By tracking the collation attributes for data stored in database columns, the database system determines whether to convert data stored in a database column when processing database queries.

Abstract: A system and method for usage metering software applications (or features or functions) by monitoring the data store underlying the software application. The data store function may be implemented in many ways, such as a Relational Database, Transactional Database, Network and Graph Database, Object-Oriented Database, Embedded Database, In-memory Database, Schema-less Database, Files and Directories, whether structured or unstructured, Configuration Registries, or Non-traditional Repositories. Business activities performed by the software application are tracked and are independent of hardware usage. Such usage data is valuable in a variety of contexts, including billing based on business activity.

Abstract: A database system identifies missing statistics that is not available for processing database queries and determines the missing statistics. The database system generates execution plans for database queries. The database system requests certain statistical information for generating a database query. If the database system determines that the requested statistical information is not available, the database system stores information describing the requested statistical information as missing statistics. The missing statistics may identify one or more columns associated with tables processed by the database query. The database system performs statistical analysis of database tables to generate the missing statistics so that the statistical information is available for generating execution plans for subsequent queries. The database system may rank the missing statistics based on the number of times the missing statistics was identified by the database system while processing database queries.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the development, delivery and deployment of action-oriented business applications supported by a cloud based action server platform are provided. The cloud action platform enables the development, delivery and deployment of a new type of business application—Action Apps which are the opposite of traditional business applications which are large, expensive, viewed as an investment, hard to upgrade and oftentimes require training. The Action Apps are light-weight consumer friendly micro-apps that enable the business user to take the right actions, at the right time to produce the right business outcome. The action may be as simple as approving a vacation request, or it may trigger a series of more complex actions such as automatically discounting stock based upon competitors pricing within a specific radius in a given timeframe.

Abstract: Backups and restore operations of database are customized by performing partial backups and restores. The database maintains information describing database objects that are backed up by subsequent backup operations. The data set that is backed up by backup operations can be modified by executing alter backup commands. An alter backup command identifies one or more database objects and specifies whether the database object should be excluded or included from backup operations. The alter backup command can specify database objects that do not exist in the database. These objects are included or excluded in accordance with the alter backup command whenever they are created in the database. The alter backup command can associate a criteria with a database object in order for the database object to be included or excluded in accordance with the alter backup command.

Abstract: A database system optimizes database queries that comprise subqueries. The database system factors out computation from two or more subqueries to a reusable subquery. The reusable subquery returns a result set. The subqueries are rewritten to use the result set and the database query modified to use the rewritten subqueries. The modified database query performs efficiently since the result set is computed only once for each subquery that uses the reusable query. The database system also composes nested subqueries that compute aggregate values. The database system identifies an inner subquery nested within an outer subquery, each subquery computing an aggregate value. The database system determines a new aggregate function corresponding to a composition of aggregate functions of the inner and the outer queries. The database system determines a composed query using the inner query with the outer query. The composed query uses the new aggregate function.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the development, delivery and deployment of action-oriented business applications supported by a cloud based action server platform are provided. The cloud action platform enables the development, delivery and deployment of a new type of business application—Action Apps which are the opposite of traditional business applications which are large, expensive, viewed as an investment, hard to upgrade and oftentimes require training The Action Apps are light-weight consumer friendly micro-apps that enable the business user to take the right actions, at the right time to produce the right business outcome. The action may be as simple as approving a vacation request, or it may trigger a series of more complex actions such as automatically discounting stock based upon competitors pricing within a specific radius in a given timeframe.