Abstract: A sensing and monitoring system can use acupuncture needle-based electrodes for sensing signals from a person and/or delivering stimulation to the person. In various embodiments, the electrodes can include partially insulated acupuncture needles. In various embodiments, the electrodes can include partially insulated or non-insulated acupuncture needles and one or more electrodes incorporated into a needle stopper configured as a guiding tube for an acupuncture needle or integrated into an acupuncture needle.