Abstract: Apparatus for holding a master microfiche in contact with a copy sheet of film in a machine that includes rollers for moving the copy sheet onto the master and then off of it towards a developing station. The holder includes a base or lower frame containing a glass plate, and an upper frame that can move away from the lower frame to enable the insertion of the master between the upper frame and the glass plate. The upper frame includes thin rollers rotatably mounted about a vertical axis and having peripheral portions lying over the edge of a master on the lower frame. A transport roller for feeding a copy film onto the master, can bear against the periphery of the thin roller, so that the copy film is captured between the two rollers to facilitate its movement. The frame can be lifted by pivoting down a handle at one side of the holder, which slides a pair of rods with camming portions that move against the upper frame to lift it.

Abstract: A shaft encoder of negligible moment of inertia. A grating provides a grid pattern of transmitted light. A mirror on the shaft sweeps the pattern. A lens focuses the sweep over a mask of like grid pattern. A photocell is activated by light transmitted through the mask whenever there is a register of the grating image with the mask. By using a mask of N grid lines per unit of measure, and a mask of N plus 1, two cells will be able to detect direction of shaft rotation.

Abstract: Coated carrier particles for use in an electrophotographic process are prepared by applying a thin coating of a phosphonitrile fluoroelastomer to the surface of the carrier particles. The coated carriers are long lived and capable of imparting a negative triboelectric charge to electroscopic powders mixed therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for incrementally advancing a shaft by a selected rotational amount. The apparatus includes a belt trained about a pair of space driven pulleys, the belt forming both first and second runs between the pulleys. Each pulley is associated with a shaft and is mounted for rotation in one direction only, with brake means designed to resist rotation of the pulley in the opposite direction. Means are provided for alternately deflecting the first and second runs of the belt to advance each shaft by an incremental amount in the one direction. In this manner, either or both shafts can be used for whatever purposes an incrementally advancing shaft is needed or desired.

Abstract: A method of fixing a toner powder image on a sheet of material. A substantially flat impact surface is provided, and the side of a sheet opposite to the side carrying a freshly applied toner powder image is placed into contact with the flat impact surface. The surface of the sheet of material carrying the toner powder image is impacted by a plurality of pellets, each of which has an impacting area which is substantially smaller than the area of the surface of the sheet of material carrying the toner powder image. The pellets are preferably repeatedly impacted against the sheet of material and in a random manner to achieve pressure fixing of the entire surface of the sheet of material.

Abstract: Carrier particles for use in an electrophotographic process are prepared by applying a mixture of a perfluoro acid and molybdenum disulfide to the surface of the carrier particle. The resulting carriers have a very thin and effective film deposited on the surface thereof and are long lived and abrasion resistant.

Abstract: An ink package comprising a disposable container is provided for supplying ink to an ink fountain of a lithographic duplicating machine and includes a self-contained, sealed package provided with specially configured nozzle means for dispensing ink from the container directly into an ink fountain. The ink used in the container is designed to be within the higher ranges of flowability for lithographic ink, and hence, due to special design of the nozzle aperture or apertures, is able to flow sluggishly from the container by gravity, whenever the nozzle means is exposed to the atmosphere, to spread longitudinally of the fountain roller, and to form an elongate bead of ink which increases in size until it blocks exposure of the nozzle means to the atmosphere and thereby shuts off flow from the nozzle means. Thus, a substantially constant volume of ink is maintained in the ink fountain as long as any ink remains in the container.

Abstract: A non-aqueous polymeric dispersion of an acrylic or methacrylic polymer in a non-aqueous continuous phase having a hydrogen bonding index, .delta., greater than 10, a dipole moment, .mu., between 0.5 and 2.5 and a solubility parameter, .delta., less than 8 dries to produce a matte or low gloss coating.

Abstract: The improved modulator of this invention is constructed by sandwiching a metal screen between a photoconductive layer and an insulating layer which permits processing of the multi-layered element by directing all processing steps against the photoconductive surface so as to provide separate and distinct fringing fields across the insulating layer which correspond to the image and non-image portions of the subject matter to be reproduced. The processing steps call for first applying a blanket DC electrostatic charge from a DC biased corona, followed by the application of a DC charge, from a DC biased corona, which is opposite in polarity to the charge applied in the first step, and a third step in which the entire member is flood illuminated to place the photoconductive layer in a conductive state.

Abstract: A novel ink fountain comprises a fountain roller radially approached by an ink supporting doctor blade. In order to retain low viscosity inks in the fountain, the blade must approach very closely to the fountain roller surface without touching it. To accommodate the potentially irregular surface of fountain rollers, the blade is rendered transversely deflectable in segments by means of cut-outs, and vernier adjustment means acting on the segments may be used to conform the blade closely to the roller surface condition.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improvement in a system for sensing information encoded on a duplicating original, using the information to control copy processing. A duplicating original is installed onto the surface of a cylinder revolving in the duplication process. The encoded information, in the form of indicia printed on the original, is sensed by an optical read head arranged to scan the revolving cylinder. Signals indicating the position of the revolving cylinder are used to determine when to scan for information. Finally, the information sensed, e.g., the copy quantity, is used to control the processes of the duplicating machine. The manner in which the encoded information is arranged conforms to the writing capabilities of a computer output printer, which is preferably also used to prepare the body of text material being duplicated, and the read head is arranged to sense the thus applied indicia and reproduce the information accurately, allowing wide latitude for correct placement of the information.

Abstract: A cap assembly is provided for use with a container for storing and supplying aqueous ammonia to a diazo type copying machine. The cap assembly comprises a closure member mounted on the container and a key device associated with free ends of an ammonia feed tube and a drain tube connecting the container to a developer system of the copying machine. The closure member includes a feed outlet to permit ammonia flow from the container to the feed tube and a drain outlet to permit ammonia flow from the drain tube to the container. The closure member also includes a seal adapted for selective actuation by the key device between a first position for closing the feed and the drain outlets to prevent ammonia flow and a second position for opening the outlets to permit ammonia flow.

Abstract: An optical device for a micro-image viewer or a micro-image viewer-printer machine receives a projected image of an illuminated micro-image, adjusts the spatial disposition of the projected image in an image plane and transmits the adjusted projected image to a viewing screen for viewing or to an exposure station for reproduction purposes. The optical device, in a preferred embodiment, includes a pechan prism positioned in a micro-image viewer-printer machine for receiving a projected image from a projection lens assembly. The pechan prism is rotatable about the illumination path or optical axis of the viewer-printer machine to enable the spatial disposition of the projected image to be rotated at least from 0 degrees to 180 degrees in an image plane.

Abstract: An improved copy system includes a document feeding apparatus which is effective to move a document to an imaging station. An image on one side of the document is then projected on an electrostatically charged sheet to form a first master. The document is then transferred to an inverting mechanism which is effective to turn the document over and return it to the imaging station. A second master is then formed. The masters are sequentially transferred to a duplicating section which includes a printing unit. The printing unit utilizes the masters to print on one side of a sheet of material as it passes through a printing nip. During a printing operation, blank sheets are sequentially fed from a supply pile through the printing nip and the first master is utilized to print images on first or front sides of the sheets. The sheets which have been printed on only one side are then sequentially deposited in a hopper.

Abstract: A translucent sheet bearing opaque graphic intelligence thereon coated with a film which absorbs ultraviolet light, whereby the passage of visible light therethrough projects a legible image while light in the ultraviolet range is not transmitted so that diazotype copies cannot be produced of the graphic intelligence.

Abstract: A duplicator is provided having a printing couple for printing on one face of a copy sheet and a collator for collating the copy sheets as they issue from the printing couple, the paper feed paths of the printing couple and the collator being arranged substantially normal to each other. The duplicator also includes special sheet handling means for passing the copy sheet from the printing couple to the collator and also inverting the sheet. The copy sheet is advanced in a first path and direction away from the printing couple and is advanced in a second path substantially normal to the first path in a second direction towards the collator. The sheet handling means comprises a sheet turn-over device positioned to intersect the copy sheet paths for receiving and progressively inverting the copy sheet as it is advanced in the first path and simultaneously directing the sheet from the first to the second path.

Abstract: A sheet handling means is provided for use with a duplicating machine. A duplicator is provided having first and second printing couples for printing first on one face of a copy sheet and then on the other and whose paper feed paths are arranged substantially normal to each other. The duplicator also includes special sheet handling means for passing the copy sheet from the first to the second printing couple and also inverting the sheet. The copy sheet is advanced in a first path and direction away from the first printing couple and is advanced in a second path substantially normal to the first path in a second direction towards the second printing couple. The sheet handling means comprises a sheet turn-over device positioned to intersect the copy sheet paths for receiving and progressively inverting the copy sheet as it is advanced in the first path and simultaneously directing the sheet from the first to the second path.

Abstract: A combination sheet-feed and utilization machine wherein the sheet feeder comprises an endless belt, or series of belts. The belt is driven in a path which is normally out of contact with a paper sheet stack and when a sheet is to be fed, the run of the belt between end supports is distended toward the sheet stack until contact is made and frictional engagement picks up the top sheet and begins it on its feed path. A retard mechanism prevents double feeding. The feed cycle is initiated by whatever means is convenient for the particular use, such as manual feed button or a machine cycle controller requesting another master, for example. The sheet travels to the utilization device, whatever type is being supplied, and when the sheet arrives at the utilization device in-feed, it triggers a sensor to initiate a circuit which ends the paper feed cycle and begins the utilization device cycle to pick up the paper from the feeder.

Abstract: Carrier particles for use in an electrophotographic process are prepared by applying a mixture of a perfluoro acid and molybdenum disulfide to the surface of the carrier particle. The resulting carriers have a very thin and effective film deposited on the surface thereof and are long lived and abrasion resistant.

Abstract: Organic photoconductive systems which employ organic polymers containing aromatic or heterocyclic nuclei are combined with amounts of .pi. acid type additives for the purpose of extending the spectral response to the visible portion of the spectrum. The sensitizing compounds are dicyanomethylene substituted fluorenes which are added in an amount expressed in moles of sensitizer per 100 moles of the organic photoconductor calculated as the monomer. The amount of sensitizer to be added may range from 0.1 to about 100 moles per 100 moles of organic photoconductor based on the molecular weight of the monomer.