Abstract: An apparatus for imaging objects with x rays using an x-ray tube, refractive x-ray lens and area detector. Cross sectional images of individual planes within an object are achieved through tomographic and laminographic exposure and image processing. The use of refractive x-ray lenses to achieve high resolution eliminates the need for vanishingly small microspot x-ray sources to achieve high resolution that current x-ray tomographic and laminographic systems suffer.

Abstract: A tunable generator or amplifier of intense, collimated, monochromatic electromagnetic radiation includes primarily of a relativistic electron beam, a periodic medium, a periodic magnet or electromagnetic field, a vacuum housing, and, in the primary embodiment, a ring resonator. An accelerator provides a high current, relativistic electron beam which interacts with an electromagnetic wave in a periodic magnetic field and a periodic medium to achieve periodic phase synchronizism between the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave and the velocity of the said electron beam. The said periodic phase synchronization results in the bunching of the electron beam and the amplification of the electromagnetic wave. In the primary embodiment the growing wave is returned back to the interaction region via Bragg reflectors. The wave continues to grow on each pass through the interaction region formed by the periodic medium and magnetic field.