Abstract: An optical waveguide sensor using an intermediate layer between the preformed optical core and the optical cladding material. This intermediate layer comprises a material that is doped with a sensor material to respond to an analyte of interest by luminescing or by developing optical absorption in the transmission region of the core fiber and that has a refractive index greater than the preformed core. Two configurations provide sensors for ionizing radiation capable of measuring the dose rate and the integrated deposited dose.

Abstract: A system for spreading a multi-filament bundle of fibers such that most of the individual fibers are exposed for various treatment and coating processes is described. The system is particularly suited to, but not limited to, carbon fiber applications. In such applications it is desired to spread carbon fiber tows consisting of anywhere from less than 1,000 to in excess of 144,000 individual filaments such that a significant portion of the filaments are exposed for processing. A spreading system can consist of one or more individual spreaders placed in series to achieve a desired spread. Each spreader consists of expandable bands, an expandable tube, or a compressible and expandable piece of foam placed between two angled support discs. The discs are angled away from each other such that the bands, tube, or foam between the closest points of the angled discs will stretch or expand as the support discs rotate about their respective axes.