Abstract: A method includes identifying a plurality of image elements to be rendered within a three-dimensional image. The method also includes identifying a set of light sources according to which lighting and shadowing are to be computed within the three-dimensional image. For each image elements of the plurality of image elements, the method includes generating a shaded image element, wherein the generating of the shaded image element includes rendering the respective image element into a buffer for each light source of the set of light sources so as to accumulate lighting effects, particular to the image element, within the buffer as the shaded image element. For each image element of the plurality of image elements, the method includes rendering at least one effect with respect to the shaded image element to generate a modified image element.