Abstract: A cost-effective process for treating a concrete structure includes the following steps. A surface of the concrete structure is coated with an organo-silicon compound and the organo-silicon coated surface is covered so as to reduce atmospheric exposure of the organo-silicon compound while the organo-silicon compound migrates into the concrete structure.

Abstract: A cost-effective process for treating a concrete structure includes the following steps. A surface of the concrete structure is coated with an organo-silicon compound and the organo-silicon coated surface is covered so as to reduce atmospheric exposure of the organo-silicon compound while the organo-silicon compound migrates into the concrete structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of lower olefins by the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and catalysts as used therein, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. By virtue of the invention, lower olefins can be formed from synthesis gas, with high selectivity, and low production of methane. The catalysts used herein comprise an ?-alumina support, and a catalytically active component that comprises iron-containing particles dispersed onto the support in at least 1 wt. %. The majority of the iron-containing particles is in direct contact with the ?-alumina and is well-distributed thereon. Preferably, the iron-containing particles have an average particle size below 30 nm, and most preferably below 10 nm. The supported catalysts not only show a high selectivity, but also a high catalyst activity and chemical and mechanical stability.

Abstract: A switchable mirror device includes active layer (4) wherein the active layer changes its optical properties by adding/removal of hydrogen and includes a Mg-transition metal layer, or an Y or rare earth based layer the active layer being provided on one side with a further protective layer (3) including a hydrogen and oxygen permeable and water impermeable layer, characterized in that the layer is liquid water impermeable and water vapor permeable and has hydrophobic surface properties. A pd catalyst layer (5) may be disposed between the active layer (4) and the protective layer (3).

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon and magnesium including composites, includes: a) contacting a carbon material including pores of which at least 30%, based on the total number of pores, have a pore diameter in the range 0.1 to 10×10?9 m with a molten metallic magnesium or magnesium alloy to obtain a intermediate composite; and b) cooling the intermediate composite to obtain a carbon and magnesium including composite. Also described is a carbon and magnesium including composite obtainable by the process of the invention, the use of a carbon and magnesium including composite obtainable by the process and a hydrogen storage system.

Abstract: Optical switching device comprising a substrate on which a magnesium transition metal layer such as a magnesium nickel metal layer is provided. At supplying of hydrogen the magnesium transition metal layer is, starting from the substrate, converted to a magnesium transition metal hydride layer. This has optical properties different from the magnesium transition metal layer. The change in optical properties viewed from the transparent substrate side can change from reflective to transparent wherein a black phase is in between. To obtain and maintain this black phase is relatively critical. However, there are many applications in which such a black phase could be very useful. In order to be able to obtain a stable black phase according to the invention it is proposed to have a relatively thin magnesium metal layer for example of 50 nm at the maximum and to provide an auxiliary layer on top of the magnesium transition metal layer.

Abstract: A water based water repellent composition for rendering cellulose containing materials water repellent which contains, in addition to water, from about 2.5 to about 20 percent by volume of a water repellent compound compatible with the cellulose containing materials and from about 0.1 to about 1 percent by volume of a surfactant compatible with the water repellent compound and capable of enhancing the wetting properties of the water repellent compound. The water repellent compound is a fluoropolymer, an amino-functional siloxane, a self cross-linking silicone and mixtures thereof wherein the amino-functional siloxane is represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Si is silicon; O is oxygen; n is a positive integer; and A is H, R or X.

Abstract: Methods for treating siliceous and carbon central structures with a water repellant composition and a paint are provided. An effective amount of water repellant composition is dispersed in paint or in paint and water, and the mixture then is applied in a continuous process after mixing to the object to be treated.

Abstract: A method for reducing the combustibility of a compatible combustible material comprising treating the material with a fire retardant composition comprising a silane and/or siloxane. The silane and/or siloxane comprises a silicon moiety, a group having fire retardant properties and a group capable of permitting chemical attachment of the composition to the material. A catalyst may be added to the composition to increase the rate of the chemical attachment of the composition to the material. The material is treated with this composition producing a fire retardant article. The composition also imparts water resistance to the treated material.

Abstract: A method for reducing the combustibility of a compatible combustible material comprising treating the material with a fire retardant composition comprising a silane and/or siloxane. The silane and/or siloxane comprises a silicon moiety, a group having fire retardant properties and a group capable of permitting chemical attachement of the composition to the material. A catalyst may be added to the composition to increase the rate of the chemical attachment of the composition to the material. The material is treated with this composition producing a fire retardant article. The composition also imparts water resistance to the treated material.

Abstract: A method for treating siliceous and carbon central structures with a water repellant composition wherein an effective amount of water repellant composition is dispersed in water and the mixture then is applied in a continuous process after the mixing to the structure to be treated. The method uses a dispersing agent and/or a dispersing device to effect a more uniform dispersion of the water repellant composition on the structure to be treated.

Abstract: A method for treating siliceous and carbon central structures with a water repellant composition wherein an effective amount of water repellant composition is dispersed in water and the mixture then is applied in a continuous process after the mixing to the structure to be treated. The methods also contemplate increasing the depth of penetration of a silane into the structure to be treated by applying subsequent applications of silane to the structure to be treated.

Abstract: Stripping compositions for removing paints, varnishes, enamels, photoresists and the like, from substrates comprising compositions of(a) an amide compound of the formula: ##STR1## and mixtures thereof wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and propyl; R.sub.1 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and propyl, and R.sub.2 is a member selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and propyl, and(b) an amine compound of the formula:R.sub.3 --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --OHand mixtures thereof, wherein R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and propyl, and m is an integer of 1-4.

Abstract: A luminescent compound, comprising a phosphor group or groups and an alkylalkoxysilane, and a luminescent composition comprising such luminescent compound and a radioactive substance to provide a source of exciting radiation for the luminescent compound in the composition. The present invention further comprises a method for rendering siliceous surfaces luminescent comprising applying the compound or composition to the surface and reacting the compound or composition with water after the compound or composition has migrated into the surface to hydrolyze the compound or composition. The present invention further comprises a luminescent structure having a siliceous surface incorporating the products of the reaction between the surface, water and the compound or composition of the present invention.

Abstract: An improved method for inhibiting corrosion of internal structural members of reinforced concrete, such as the corrosion of reinforcing steel members in a concrete bridge deck or a concrete paved driving surface, due to salt migration into the reinforced concrete. In general, the method comprises applying an effective amount of a hydrolyzable organo silicon compound to the surface of the reinforced concrete to substantially cover the surface of the structure with the organo silicon, and contacting the resulting organo silicon coated surface, after a period of time effective to allow the organo silicon compound to migrate into the structure, with an effective amount of water to substantially wet the surface of the organo silicon impregnated structure.

Abstract: A plastic drum having a cylindrical mid-section and tapered shoulders terminating in generally planar end walls is adapted to receive and retain at its upper and lower shoulders, ring-shaped attachments encircling the circumference of the drum to facilitate handling and stacking.