Abstract: Disclosed is a diesel engine comprising a cylinder head; a combustion chamber within the cylinder head, the combustion chamber being in the shape of a bowl; and a piston having a piston crown, the piston crown having a dome-shape for protruding within the cylinder head during a combustion operation near or at top dead center. The engine is preferably a two stroke crankcase compression engine. Use of a combustion chamber in the shape of a shallow bowl along with other parameter selection decreases the rates of combustion pressure rise while providing reasonable power output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diesel engine comprising a cylinder head; a combustion chamber within the cylinder head, the combustion chamber being in the shape of a bowl; and a piston having a piston crown, the piston crown having a dome-shape for protruding within the cylinder head during a combustion operation near or at top dead center. The engine is preferably a two stroke crankcase compression engine. Use of a combustion chamber in the shape of a shallow bowl along with other parameter selection decreases the rates of combustion pressure rise while providing reasonable power output.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing lubricity of a fuel includes a testing chamber for holding a sample of the fuel to be tested; an inlet for admitting the sample to the testing chamber; and an assembly for sealing the testing chamber to prevent moisture transfer during admission and testing of the fuel. In this way, more consistent results are obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing lubricity of a fuel includes a testing chamber for holding a sample of the fuel to be tested; an inlet for admitting the sample to the testing chamber; and an assembly for sealing the testing chamber to prevent moisture transfer during admission and testing of the fuel. In this way, more consistent results are obtained.

Abstract: A compression ignited, spark ignited, or surface ignited engine single or multi-cylinder low temperature starting system is positioned permanently or temporarily in the intake system during the engine starting and warming-up period for an extremely cold temperature engine condition. The low temperature starting system for these engine types is capable of starting on a wide variety of liquid fuels, E.G., high or low fuel volatility, high or low fuel boiling range and gaseous fuels. A pre-heat device which is fuel fired, electrically heated, chemically heated, heated by thermal storage or other means is used to pre-heat the air or air-fuel mixture.