Abstract: A method of determining a distance to an object is presented. A first photon and a second photon are simultaneously generated. The first photon is reflected off an object. The second photon is directed to an optical cavity. An arrival of the first photon is correlated with an arrival of the second photon, and the distance to the object is at least partially determined using the correlation.

Abstract: Provided are two-dimensional autofocus methods in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system which include: (1) two-dimensional pulse pair product algorithm including shear PGA, eigenvector phase history (“EPH”), shear PGA/EPH); (2) two-dimensional optimization algorithms including parametric one-dimensional estimate/two-dimensional correction, parametric two dimensional estimate/two-dimensional correction, unconstrained two-dimensional nonparametric and constrained two-dimensional nonparametric methods; (3) a two-dimensional geometry filter algorithm; (4) a two-dimensional prominent point processing algorithm; (5) a one-dimensional phase estimate of higher order two dimensional phase errors; and, (6) a fast SHARP parametric autofocus algorithm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a collection device for a substance, and methods related to collecting thereof.

Abstract: A connector system is provided. The system includes a substantially circular interconnecting hub, and a plurality of circuit board bays configured substantially radially around the substantially circular interconnecting hub. Each circuit board bay has a plurality of aligned connectors configured to receive a circuit board. The interconnecting circuit hub has, for each individual circuit board bay, a direct data pathway connecting the individual circuit board bay to all remaining circuit board bays of the plurality of circuit board bays. Each of the plurality of circuit board bays can directly communicate through the interconnecting hub with each of the remaining circuit boards bays.

Abstract: A telemetry system is described in which a plurality of channels are coupled to a bus. A control subsystem controls the channels so that one of the channels presents to the bus during its designated time period a channel characteristic. The control subsystem interrogates in the analog domain each of the channels during its designated time period, and forms a signal representative of the channel characteristic. The control subsystem may combine one or more of the signals into a digital packet, and transmit the same over a network.

Abstract: Systems for and methods of detecting gravitational acceleration and gravity gradients are disclosed. The systems and methods include gravity gradiometers whose axes are substantially horizontal. In comparison with prior art systems, the systems presently disclosed provide one or both of more accurate measurements for the same amount of space, and smaller space requirements with the same or better accuracy.

Abstract: A system and method for rotating a source image by a first non-zero angle is provided. The method includes: defining a template for the source image, the template representing a rotation of the source image about an axis of the source image by second angle, where the second angle is the negative of the first non-zero angle; determining overlap between the template and the source image; separating the template into a plurality of strips covering at least the area of overlap; and for each strip: indentifying an initial pixel in the source image within the strip and storing the image data of the initial pixel; storing the image data of all remaining pixels within both the strip and the overlap in a database format in which the all remaining pixels is defined by a Y and X offset from the initial pixel.

Abstract: A method for preparing an integrated circuit for connection to a surface, the integrated circuit including lead contacts and leadless contacts, is provided. The method includes providing the integrated circuit, applying a first solder paste to the leadless contacts, forming solder balls on the applied solder paste, heating the solder balls, thereby removing at least a portion of the first solder paste and bringing the solder balls into electrical contact with the leadless contacts, the base of the solder balls being generally aligned in a plane, and bending the lead contacts into gull wings, with the base of the gull wings being substantially coplanar with the plane. The base of the gull wings and the base of the at least one of the solder balls collectively generally define a contact plane for potential future contact with the surface.

Abstract: An interferometer and method for interferometric analysis are provided. The methodology includes generating first and second light beams from a light source, interacting the first light beam with an object under inspection, forming, from light emanating from the object under inspection in response to the interacting, an image of the light source on an image sensor, projecting the second light beam on the image on the image sensor, the combination of the light emanating from the object under inspection and the second light beam forming a collective image on the image sensor, applying a Fourier transform to the collective image formed on the image sensor, thereby forming a phase image, and isolating a wavefront map of the object under inspection from within the phase image.

Abstract: The invention comprises methods for filling holes in printed wiring boards and printed wiring boards produced by these methods. The methods involve plating metal conductors inside the holes of the printed wiring boards while protecting the conducting surfaces of the printed wiring boards from being plated using photoresist film. The side surfaces of a printed wiring board are covered with photoresist. The photoresist is exposed to developing light, except the photoresist covering the holes on one side of the board is masked to prevent exposure of the holes to the developing light. The undeveloped photoresist covering the holes is removed. The board is subjected to a plating process, which deposits conductive materials in the holes, but the photoresist on the conducting surfaces of the board prevents conductive materials to be plated on the surfaces of the board.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering at least one signal of interest are provided. The method includes receiving an overall signal, the overall signal including the at least one signal of interest and a plurality of other signals, identifying at least one of the strongest components of the plurality of other signals, attenuating, using at least one MEMS resonator, any of the components identified by the identifying, wherein the overall signal will be modified to include the at least one signal of interest, attenuated versions of the components identified by the identifying, and the remaining portions of the plurality of other signals that were not subject to the attenuating, and recovering, after the attenuating, the at least one signal of interest.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an interposer is provided, including the steps of providing a sheet with a copper layer and polyimide layer, laser drilling holes in the polyimide layer down to the copper layer, filling the holes with copper and extending the copper above the polyimide layer to define caps, removing portions of the copper layer to form conductive pads, and filling gaps between the conductive pads with an insulator, wherein individual conductive pads are in electrical contact with corresponding individual caps.

Abstract: One method according to the present invention may include defining a first object. The first object may have a unique object identifier. The method may also include defining a second object. The second object may also have a unique object identifier. After the objects have been identified, the method may include receiving a first value and a second value associated with the first object. The method may also include representing either an agreement and a lack of agreement associated with the first object based on a relationship between the first value and the second value. In an alternative embodiment, both an agreement and a disagreement may be represented based on the first value and the second value. In one embodiment of the invention, the representation of an agreement and/or a disagreement may be performed internally, using, for example, hexadecimal or binary representations of agreement or a lack of agreement.

Abstract: A cable and corresponding method for making a cable are provided. The cable includes an outer jacket of polyethylene surrounding a plurality of conductive wires. Each one of the plurality of insulated conductive wires comprises a conductive core and an insulating layer surrounding the conductive core, the insulating layer being made of cross-linked polyethylene.

Abstract: Provided are two-dimensional autofocus methods in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system which include: (1) two-dimensional pulse pair product algorithm including shear PGA, eigenvector phase history (“EPH”), shear PGA/EPH); (2) two-dimensional optimization algorithms including parametric one-dimensional estimate/two-dimensional correction, parametric two dimensional estimate/two-dimensional correction, unconstrained two-dimensional nonparametric and constrained two-dimensional nonparametric methods; (3) a two-dimensional geometry filter algorithm; (4) a two-dimensional prominent point processing algorithm; (5) a one-dimensional phase estimate of higher order two dimensional phase errors; and, (6) a fast SHARP parametric autofocus algorithm.

Abstract: A mounted polarizer and corresponding assembly method is provided. The mounted polarizer includes a substrate, and a polarizer with a plurality of parallel wires mounted on a supporting base. An epoxy binds the polarizer to the substrate, such that the plurality of parallel wires is mounted between the substrate and the supporting base, and the epoxy is in direct contact with the plurality of wires. The substrate, the epoxy and the supporting base all have a substantially matching refractive index. The mounted polarizer substantially transmits one polarization of light, and substantially blocks transmission of another polarization of light.

Abstract: A system and method of implementing quantum key distribution are provided that possess increased data rates and enhanced security. These increased data rates are provided through the use of biphotons. Through encoding bits of information on the intra-biphoton delay time and enabling separate polarization bases for each of the photons comprising each biphoton, the system and method increase data bandwidth available for quantum key distribution.

Abstract: A method of determining a distance to an object is presented. A first photon and a second photon are simultaneously generated. The first photon is reflected off an object. The second photon is directed to an optical cavity. An arrival of the first photon is correlated with an arrival of the second photon, and the distance to the object is at least partially determined using the correlation.

Abstract: A connector system is provided. The system includes a substantially circular interconnecting hub, and a plurality of circuit board bays configured substantially radially around the substantially circular interconnecting hub. Each circuit board bay has a plurality of aligned connectors configured to receive a circuit board. The interconnecting circuit hub has, for each individual circuit board bay, a direct data pathway connecting the individual circuit board bay to all remaining circuit board bays of the plurality of circuit board bays. Each of the plurality of circuit board bays can directly communicate through the interconnecting hub with each of the remaining circuit boards bays.

Abstract: A system for connecting circuit boards is provided. A plurality of overlapping spaced apart circuit boards have a plurality of conductive pins passing through holes in the circuit boards. A connector includes a flexible sheet insulator and a plurality of conductive surfaces separated and supported by the flexible insulator. At least one of the conductive surfaces has a hole there through and a bent compliant lead extending there from. The hole engages one of the pins, and the complaint lead connects to one of the circuit boards.