Abstract: A method for forming stacked via-holes on a printed circuit board includes the steps of: providing a printed circuit board having a conductive trace formed on a side surface thereof; forming a first copper-clad laminate on the side surface having the conductive trace; forming a number of first copper micro-via in a copper layer of the first copper-clad laminate; forming a second copper-clad laminate on the surface of the copper layer having the first copper micro-via of the first copper-clad laminate; forming a number of second copper micro-via in a copper layer of the second copper-clad laminate by a first laser on the basis of the first copper micro-via, each second copper micro-via being located corresponding to its correspondingly first copper micro-via; and removing corresponding resin layer portions of the first and second copper-clad laminates, using a second laser, to yield the respective stacked via-holes.

Abstract: An exemplary method for forming stacked via-holes in a multilayer printed circuit board includes the steps of: providing a base circuit board; attaching a first copper-coated-substrate having a first substrate and a first copper layer thereon and a second copper-coated-substrate having a second substrate and a second copper layer thereon onto the base circuit board in a manner such that; forming at least one first window in the second copper layer, making at least one first hole in the second substrate through the at least one first window, forming at least one second window in the first copper layer through the at least one first hole, and making at least one second hole in the first substrate though the at least one second window, thus forming at least one part-finished stacked via-hole; and plating the at least one part-finished stacked via-hole thereby forming at least one stacked via-hole.

Abstract: An injection molding apparatus includes a melt furnace and a metal supply system located in the melt furnace. The metal supply system includes a pump. The injection molding apparatus also includes a first metal inlet from the melt furnace to the metal supply system and a vertical injection mechanism adapted to inject liquid metal into a die system. The injection molding apparatus also includes a second metal inlet from the metal supply system to the vertical injection mechanism.

Abstract: A method for handling a fluid may be incorporated into the operation of, for example, a corona discharge device and an electric power supply. Such a corona discharge device typically includes at least one corona discharge electrode and at least one collector electrode positioned proximate each other so as to provide a total inter-electrode capacitance within a predetermined range. The electric power supply is connected to supply an electric power signal to said corona discharge and collector electrodes so as to cause a corona current to flow between the corona discharge and collector electrodes. A relationship between alternating and direct (or constant, non-time varying) components of the voltage may be expressed as (Vac/Vdc)<(Iac/Idc).

Abstract: An audio/visual surveillance system for use in mobile vehicles such as patrol cars includes two video cameras producing video signals and four audio sources producing audio signals. The signals are MPEG-2 compressed and streamed in real time with geographic and time data to a digital cartridge-type tape recorder located in the vehicle. A full patrol car shift is recorded on a single tape and, at the end of the shift, the tape is placed in a master sled bay. An MD5 hash authenticates the data for court use. Up to four videos can be synchronized frame-by-frame for simultaneous monitoring. An MPEG-1 stream is sent via wireless to headquarters in real time. One camera captures data external to the vehicle, while the other captures data internal to the vehicle. One audio source captures audio inside the vehicle and another captures dispatcher communications. The other two audio sources are carried by officers.

Abstract: An electrostatic fluid acceleration and method of operation thereof includes at least two synchronously powered stages. A single power supply or synchronized and phase controlled power supplies provide high voltage power to each of the stages such that both the phase and amplitude of the electric power applied to the corresponding electrodes are aligned in time. The frequency and phase control allows neighboring stages to be closely spaced at a distance of from 1 to 2 times an inter-electrode distance within a stage, and, in any case, minimizing or avoiding production of a back corona current from a corona discharge electrode of one stage to an electrode of a neighboring stage. Corona discharge electrodes of neighboring stages may be horizontally aligned, complementary collector electrodes of all stages being similarly horizontally aligned between and horizontally offset from the corona discharge electrodes.

Abstract: An electrostatic fluid accelerator includes a first number of corona electrodes and a second number of accelerating electrodes spaced apart from and parallel to adjacent ones of the corona electrodes. An electrical power source is connected to supply the corona and accelerating electrodes with an operating voltage to produce a high intensity electric field in an inter-electrode space between the corona electrodes and the accelerating electrodes. The accelerating electrodes may be made of a high electrical resistivity material, each of the electrodes having mutually perpendicular length and height dimension oriented transverse to a desired fluid flow direction and a width dimension oriented parallel to the desired fluid flow direction.

Abstract: A polymer comprises a monomer having a N-halo sulfonamide pendant group and having the formula: wherein A is a trivalent linkage; wherein Q is a divalent linkage and y is 0 or 1; wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as described within; wherein X is halogen; and wherein M is an alkali or alkaline earth metal. In specific embodiments, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen; X is chlorine; and M is sodium or potassium.

Abstract: An audio/visual surveillance system for use in mobile vehicles such as patrol cars includes two video cameras producing video signals and four audio sources producing audio signals. The signals are MPEG-2 compressed and streamed in real time with geographic and time data to a digital cartridge-type tape recorder located in the vehicle. A full patrol car shift is recorded on a single tape and, at the end of the shift, the tape is placed in a master sled bay. An MD5 hash authenticates the data for court use. Up to four videos can be synchronized frame-by-frame for simultaneous monitoring. An MPEG-1 stream is sent via wireless to headquarters in real time. One camera captures data external to the vehicle, while the other captures data internal to the vehicle. One audio source captures audio inside the vehicle and another captures dispatcher communications. The other two audio sources are carried by officers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for magnetically generating an underwater high pressure pulse of sufficient strength to destroy underwater threats utilizes a pair of electrically conductive elements. The electrically conductive elements are arranged substantially parallel with each other and are separated by a gap. A pulse generator supplies an electrical pulse to at least one of the electrically conductive elements, which causes the generation of a magnetic repulsion force between the elements. The magnetic repulsion force causes one the electrically conductive elements to be displaced, thereby inducing a high pressure pulse in the liquid in which the pair of electrically conductive elements is submerged.

Abstract: Diketo- and pyridine-containing chiral crown ligands having at least two chiral bulky groups attached to two different chiral carbon atoms of the crown that are covalently bonded to or coated on suitable solid supports, and further coated by hydrophobic organic solvents are disclosed. These compositions and associated methods are characterized by selectivity of several target amine or amino acid enantiomers over their counter-enantiomers and derivatives. The composition preferably has an ?-value greater than or equal to 4. This allows for the separation of such enantiomers with non-chromatographic resin bed separations of three separation stages or less.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing of flexible printed circuit boards is provided. The method includes the steps of: providing a tape substrate having an electrically insulating layer and an electrically conducting layer; forming a wiring pattern at the electrically conducting layer; attaching a back film on a surface of the tape substrate; and cutting the tape substrate to get a number of flexible printed circuit boards attached on the back film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film hole forming apparatus (400), which includes a chemical etching system (410) and a driving system (420). The driving system comprising a transmission belt, which pass through the chemical etching system. A material of the transmission belt being teflon, teflon-containing material, poly (vinylidene finoride), metal, or metal-sandwiched composite. The present invention also provides a method for forming film holes, which includes the following steps: providing a flexible printed circuit board to be etched, with copper holes pre-formed thereat and the copper holes expose base film (310) at corresponding positions; and transporting the flexible printed circuit boards into a chemical etching system by a transmission belt to form film holes in the base film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming flexible printed circuit boards. The method includes the following steps: providing a substrate with a copper film formed on at least one surface of the substrate; and forming a number of copper holes in the copper film through a photolithography process. The photolithography process includes a step of coating a liquid photoresist onto the copper film.

Abstract: An electrostatic fluid acceleration and method of operation thereof includes at least two synchronously powered stages with final or rear-most electrodes of one stage maintained at substantially the same instantaneous voltage as the immediately adjacent initial or forward-most electrodes of a next stage in an airflow direction. A single power supply or synchronized and phase controlled power supplies provide high voltage power to each of the stages such that both the phase and amplitude of the electric power applied to the corresponding electrodes are aligned in time. The frequency and phase control allows neighboring stages to be closely spaced at a distance of from 1 to 2 times an inter-electrode distance within a stage, and, in any case, minimizing or avoiding production of a back corona current from a corona discharge electrode of one stage to an electrode of a neighboring stage.

Abstract: A method of operating a corona discharge device includes producing a high-intensity electric field in an immediate vicinity of at least one corona electrode and continuously or periodically heating the corona electrode to a temperature sufficient to mitigate an undesirable effect of an impurity, such as an oxide layer, formed on the corona electrode.

Abstract: An electrostatic air cleaning device includes an array of electrodes. The electrodes include corona electrodes connected to a suitable source of high voltage so as to generate a corona discharge. Laterally displaced collecting electrodes include one or more bulges that have aerodynamic frontal “upwind” surfaces and airflow disrupting tailing edges downwind that create quite zones for the collection of particulates removed from the air. The bulges may be formed as rounded leading edges on the collecting electrodes and/or as ramped surfaces located, for example, along a midsection of the electrodes. Repelling electrodes positioned between pairs of the collecting electrodes may include similar bulges such as cylindrical or semi-cylindrical leading and/or trailing edges.

Abstract: A device for handling a fluid includes a corona discharge device and an electric power supply. The corona discharge device includes at least one corona discharge electrode and at least one collector electrode positioned proximate each other so as to provide a total inter-electrode capacitance within a predetermined range. The electric power supply is connected to supply an electric power signal to said corona discharge and collector electrodes so as to cause a corona current to flow between the corona discharge and collector electrodes. An amplitude of an alternating component of the voltage of the electric power signal generated is no greater than one-tenth that of an amplitude of a constant component of the voltage of the electric power signal.

Abstract: An axial vane rotary device includes members defining an outer wing and an inner wing, both of which are affixed to the rotor for rotation therewith. The outer wing defines a surface that carries the radially outer ends of the vanes for axial movement thereon. The outer wing forms a seal between the radially outer end of the vanes and the inner face of the annular outer wall of the stator. In addition frictional wear of the vanes is substantially reduced by elimination of sliding contact between the radially outer ends of the vanes and the stationary annular outer wall of the stator. The inner wing axially slidably carries the radially inner ends of the vanes. In this manner, excessive wear on the radially outer and radially inner ends of the vanes is substantially reduced since the only frictional wear experienced by the ends of the vanes is due to the axial movement of the vanes in the rotor slots. Leakage between the inner housing and the rotor is essentially eliminated by the inner wing.

Abstract: An improved vane for axial vane rotary devices such as pumps, compressors and expanders comprising at a pair of axially movable inner housing seal pieces defining and upper camming surface and a lower edge. The vanes are provided with spaces for receiving the seal pieces and the spaces have at least one edge corresponding to the camming surface of the seal piece. In one embodiment a median portion of a single piece vane is cut away to define a space in which the seal pieces are received. In another embodiment the vane is divided into two axially slidable sections and a corner portion of each section is cut away to provide a space for receiving a seal piece. During operation the seal pieces are cammed radially downward during axial movement to bring the lower edge of the seal piece into contact with the inner housing of the device rotor to improve sealing and reduce leakage of pressurized fluid between the vane and the inner housing.