Abstract: An apparatus comprises a biosensor disk structure including a first substrate with a first inner surface, a second substrate with a second inner surface facing oppositely toward the first inner surface, and fluidic channels reaching between the first and second inner surfaces; wherein the first inner surface has binding sites and non-binding sites adjoining the binding sites, the first substrate is transparent at the non-binding sites, and the non-binding sites have discrete polygonal configurations of equal size and shape; and the second inner surface has non-reflective areas and reflective areas bounded by the non-reflective areas, and the reflective areas have discrete polygonal configurations sized and shaped equally with the non-binding sites such that the reflective areas are located coextensively opposite the non-binding sites.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a biosensor disk structure including a first substrate with a first inner surface, a second substrate with a second inner surface facing oppositely toward the first inner surface, and fluidic channels reaching between the first and second inner surfaces; wherein the first inner surface has binding sites and non-binding sites adjoining the binding sites, the first substrate is transparent at the non-binding sites, and the non-binding sites have discrete polygonal configurations of equal size and shape; and the second inner surface has non-reflective areas and reflective areas bounded by the non-reflective areas, and the reflective areas have discrete polygonal configurations sized and shaped equally with the non-binding sites such that the reflective areas are located coextensively opposite the non-binding sites.

Abstract: A method may include steps of binding an analyte to a ligand, exposing the analyte to light of differing wavelengths, and observing a difference in spectral response of the analyte at the differing wavelengths. Further steps may include comparing the observed difference with a known difference in spectral response of a reference substance at the differing wavelengths, and determining whether the observed difference meets a predetermined threshold of identity with the known difference. The method may be performed with reference to a surface having a reflective area with a known size a non-reflective area adjacent to the reflective area. The method may thus include the steps of providing a ligand in alignment with the non-reflective area of the surface, and binding an analyte to the ligand in a position reaching across the reflective area.

Abstract: A biosensor disk includes a detection substrate with an upper side surface, a reflection substrate with a lower side surface facing oppositely toward the upper side surface, and fluidic channels reaching between the opposed side surfaces. The upper side surface has binding sites, and has non-binding sites adjoining the binding sites. The detection substrate is transparent at the non-binding sites. The lower side surface has non-reflective areas, and has reflective areas adjoining the non-reflective areas. The reflective areas are located opposite the non-binding sites and have discrete polygonal configurations of equal size and shape.

Abstract: A method may include steps of binding an analyte to a ligand, exposing the analyte to light of differing wavelengths, and observing a difference in spectral response of the analyte at the differing wavelengths. Further steps may include comparing the observed difference with a known difference in spectral response of a reference substance at the differing wavelengths, and determining whether the observed difference meets a predetermined threshold of identity with the known difference. The method may be performed with reference to a surface having a reflective area with a known size a non-reflective area adjacent to the reflective area. The method may thus include the steps of providing a ligand in alignment with the non-reflective area of the surface, and binding an analyte to the ligand in a position reaching across the reflective area.

Abstract: A biosensor disk includes a detection substrate with an upper side surface, a reflection substrate with a lower side surface facing oppositely toward the upper side surface, and fluidic channels reaching between the opposed side surfaces. The upper side surface has binding sites, and has non-binding sites adjoining the binding sites. The detection substrate is transparent at the non-binding sites. The lower side surface has non-reflective areas, and has reflective areas adjoining the non-reflective areas. The reflective areas are located opposite the non-binding sites and have discrete polygonal configurations of equal size and shape.

Abstract: A turbine thermal generator and controller includes first and second members having opposing surfaces together defining boundaries of a fluid chamber, a means for rotating about an axis said first member relative to said second member thereby generating heat in a fluid contained in said fluid chamber, and means for transferring heat from said fluid to a load.

Abstract: A system, method, device, and process for making and using an electromagnetic-sensitive biosensor on a biosensor disk to identify and classify an analyte in a sample. The biosensor of the biosensor disk is exposed to a sample containing analytes and a desired analyte adheres to the biosensor. The biosensor is exposed to microspheres that adhere to the analyte. The microspheres cause a detectable change to electromagnetic radiation incident upon the biosensor disk The biosensor disk is rotated during operation and an electromagnetic emitter directs an electromagnetic radiation beam at the biosensor disk. The returned electromagnetic radiation from the biosensor disk is received by a sensor and converted into a signal to indicate the presence of the desired analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A system, method, device, and process for making and using an electromagnetic-sensitive biosensor on a biosensor disk to identify and classify an analyte in a sample. The biosensor of the biosensor disk is exposed to a sample containing analytes and a desired analyte adheres to the biosensor. The biosensor disk is rotated during operation and an electromagnetic emitter directs an electromagnetic radiation beam at the biosensor disk. The returned electromagnetic radiation from the biosensor disk is received by a sensor that converts the returned electromagnetic radiation into a signal to indicate the presence of the desired analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A glider including a center section configured to receive and support an operator thereon, and a pair of air-foil shaped wings extending generally outwardly from the center section. The glider is configured such that when the glider supports the operator thereon the glider is glidable down an incline in the ground effect zone of the incline, and is configured such that the glider cannot sustainably glide above the ground effect zone.

Abstract: For mechanically filtering movement transmitted by a step-by-step motor to a member to be driven in rotation, a coil spring in an axial bore of the motor shaft has one end rigid with the shaft and the other end rigid with the member to be driven and is axially pre-stressed to urge a damping member, rigid with the member to be driven, into frictional contact with the shaft.