Abstract: An electrode film with a high tensile strength and a low electrical resistance is fabricated by using conductive flakes to strengthen polymer stabilized particle electrode. The new compositions and low energy methods are disclosed in this invention. The method includes mixing and blending the particulate materials and fibrilltable polymers with conductive flakes into a paste, fibrillating the polymers, and extruding and rolling the paste into self-supported electrode films.

Abstract: Activated carbons with high surface areas are produced from a synergistic activation effect triggered at high temperatures by a predetermined combination of chemical activation agents derived from weak acidic salts, and/or weak basic salts, and/or neutral salts, and/or compounds. In one embodiment, a method of the present invention comprises mixing a carbon precursor with a first component comprising a first salt and at least one second component selected from the group consisting of a second salt, a compound and combinations thereof, in an inert environment or in carbon dioxide and/or steam environment.

Abstract: Methods are provided for separation of bitumen from oil sands ore having a bitumen content higher than about 6%. Activated carbons, or combinations of activated carbons and caustic are used as process additives for ore-water slurry-based bitumen extraction processes or in situ bitumen recovery processes. These additives promote breakdown of adhesion between clay minerals and bitumen, resulting in the enhanced efficiency of extraction of bitumen from oil sands ore.