Abstract: The inventors recognize that chemical threats such as explosives can be difficult to detect using conventional testing methods such as mass spectrometry, especially at low concentrations. The inventors further recognize that adducts, while usually considered undesirable and unwanted by-products, can be easy to detect, can improve sensitivity of substances even in trace amounts, and can reduce fragmentation in energetic molecules, making the intentional creation of adducts a sensitive and viable approach for mass spectrometry detection of such molecules under electrospray ionization, for example.

Abstract: A mechanical holder that provides for a confined sampling region for extraction and removal of chemical substances contained in a dried blood spot or other spot of sample is described herein.

Abstract: Methods and systems for mass spectrometry and more particularly to an interface providing charged particles to a mass spectrometer are described herein.

Abstract: A mechanical holder that provides for a confined sampling region for extraction and removal of chemical substances contained in a dried blood spot or other spot of sample is described herein.