Abstract: A totem pole output stage including first and second control modules cross coupled to first and second switching modules for measuring the charge on the gate of a FET contained in the opposing switching module to determine the condition of the opposing switching module, so as to avoid mutual conductivity events without the use of a fixed timing delay while maximizing switching performance.

Abstract: A battery holder (25) holds a battery (27) in spaced relation to a printed circuit board (30), sufficient space (43) being provided between the printed circuit board (30) and the battery (27) for mounting of circuit components (47,49) on the printed circuit board (30) between the battery holder and the printed circuit board. A connection is provided between a connector (85) mounted on the printed circuit board (30) and a connector (82) mounted on leads (78) which are attached to the battery (27), the connection providing for the electrical connection and disconnection of the battery (27) and the printed circuit board (30). A housing (10) is provided for mounting the printed circuit board (30), battery holder (25) and battery (27) therein. The battery holder (25) is provided with a deformable retention clip (56) for retention of the battery (27) within a chamber (50,51) the holder (25), and in response to actuation by an operator, removal of the battery from the holder.

Abstract: A combination input/output (I/O) module for a microprocessor based device is disclosed. The combination I/O module includes a combination point which is operable as either an input point adapted for coupling to an input device, an output point adapted for coupling to an output device, or both. The combination I/O module provides continuous sensing of the presence or absence of the output device. The combination I/O module includes a triac and provides for continuous sensing of the conductive state of the triac.